不完全競爭市場下VER、FDI與褔利間之關係

VER, FDI AND WELFARE UNDER IMPERFECT COMPETITION

林燕淑(Yan-Shu Lin) ； 麥朝成(Chao-Cheng Mai) ； 黃鴻(Hong Hwang)

《經濟論文》 28卷2期 (2000/06) Pp. 177-203

https://doi.org/10.29628/AEP.200006.0001

摘要

本文建立一個兩國模型分析VER與FDI間之關係。本文除了分析VER與FDI存在的條件外，同時也分析FDI存在時貿易自由化（即放寬VER限制）的經濟效果並與文獻上沒有FDI時之貿易自由化效果作比較。本文之結果顯示無論出口廠商在VER與FDI所生產的產品是否具有品牌內差異，出口廠商從事FDI後，放寬VER的限制對進口國廠商之產量、產品價格及利潤皆毫無影響；但對出口廠商的利潤則沒有明確的影響關係。此一結論顯然與Eldor and Levin (1990)之結論不同：他們發現當不存在FDI時進口國廠商的產量及利潤必因放寬VER的限制而下降，且出口廠商的利潤會因放寬VER的限制而上升。另外，本文發現二國政府之最適VER政策均為自由貿易。同時品牌內差異性提高可使出口國褔利提高，但會導致進口國褔利降低。

關鍵字

外人直接投資 ； 自動出口設限 ； 品牌內差異

並列摘要

This paper sets up a two-country model to examine the relationship between VER and FDI. The export (foreign) country chooses to export to, and/or to invest in, the host (domestic) country, and under a VER restriction imposed by the domestic country, the paper shows that the foreign firm may undertake both export and FDI actions simultaneously. It compares the effects of VER on output, profits and welfare in both the presence, and absence, of FDI, and demonstrates that irrespective of the degree of intra-brand product differentiation between the products produced by the foreign firm, under VER and FDI, an increase in VER will not change the output, price and profit levels of the host country. However, its effect on the profits of the exporting firm is generally ambiguous. This result is in sharp contrast to the findings of Eldor and Levin (1990) in which they concluded that in the absence of FDI, an increase in VER would cause the output and profit of the host country firm to decline, and the exporting firm’s profit to increase. Furthermore, this paper also finds that the optimal levels of VER are free trade from the viewpoint of both the export and host countries. Increasing intra-brand product differentiation makes the export country better off, while the host country is worse off.

並列關鍵字

Foreign direct investment ； Voluntary export restraints ； Intra-brand differentiation

參考文獻

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