丹尼爾．笛福對君權神授理論的批判：18世紀早期英格蘭思想界對洛克《政府論》接受與詮釋的一個側面

Daniel Defoe's Critique of the Divine Right of Kings: A Perspective on the Reception and Interpretation of John Locke's Two Treatises in Early Eighteenth-Century English Thought

陳建元(Chien-yuen Chen)

《人文及社會科學集刊》 34卷3期 (2022/09) Pp. 465-502

摘要

本文所要探討的主題是笛福（Daniel Defoe）對於君權神授論的批評。本文指出笛福的人性觀和社會起源觀是他批判君權神授論的主要思想淵源。君權神授論的支持者往往會援引《舊約聖經》經文來獲取正當性，而笛福則是同樣基於其人性觀對於相同經文做出不同詮釋。本文指出，兩派的爭論背後其實有更悠久的詮釋《聖經》傳統。例如菲爾默與洛克關於君權神授正當性的論辯，同樣是用以色列分裂成南北王國時，雙方君主羅波安和耶羅波安的衝突作為論述核心。本文由此指出笛福的閱讀往往是基於君主的原罪來論述，這同時呈現出他的人性觀與政治思想之間的連繫。

關鍵字

約翰．洛克 ； 丹尼爾．笛福 ； 君權神授 ； 光榮革命

並列摘要

Daniel Defoe's critique of monarchs' divine right is the focus of this article. Defoe's critique of divine right is considered to be mostly based on his understanding of human nature and social origins. While proponents of the divine right doctrine frequently quote Old Testament texts to support their claims, Defoe interprets the same verses differently from them based on his understanding of human nature. This study finds that the argument between the two groups has a considerably older tradition of biblical interpretation. The paper points out that Defoe's reading is often based on the original sin of the monarch, which at the same time shows the connection between his view of human nature and his political thought.

並列關鍵字

John Locke ； Daniel Defoe ； divine right of kings ； the Glorious Revolution

參考文獻

Novak, Maximillian E. 1963 Defoe and the Nature of Man. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Novak, Maximillian E. 2001 Daniel Defoe: Master of Fictions: His Life and Ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Parker, Kim Ian 2004 The Biblical Politics of John Locke. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

Popper, Nicholas Seth 2012 Walter Ralegh’s History of the World and the Historical Culture of the Late Renaissance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Pufendorf, Samuel 2013 An Introduction to the History of the Principal Kingdoms and States of Europe, Jodocus Crull (trans.) (1695), Michael J. Seidler (ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.