心理系統與社會系統之間存有結構耦合,因此當政策制定者制定政策時,必然會受制於其所對應的社會系統之制約。循此,若要研究政策制定者如何制定政策,可能的切入點之一即是研究其所對應的社會系統如何進行「風險溝通」。根據盧曼的觀點,社會系統是一個自我指涉的系統,其單位為溝通而非人。社會系統的風險溝通是一個具有多重偶變性的操作,而且是採「風險∕危險」模式,而非「風險∕安全」模式,社會系統有時會以風險轉移來從事風險管理。為了闡釋上述論點,本文以台灣地區的身分辨識問題對社會系統的干擾為例,以二階觀察的立場來探討社會系統中的法律系統與政治系統對於引入全民指紋建檔以解決身分辨識問題的風險溝通。
There is a structural coupling between the psychological system and the social system. Thus, when we make a political decision, we are constrained by a social system. Based on this viewpoint, research on how the social system operates is crucial to political decision-making. Luhmann regards the social system as a self-referential system, and its unit is communication rather than human beings. Under such circumstances, Luhmann points out that the risk-communication model of social system is ”risk/danger”, not ”risk/safety”; its risk-evaluation is a multiple contingent operation, and the social systems sometimes use risk-transformation to manage their risks. In order to explain the above viewpoints, this paper ”observes” the risk communications of function systems. This refers to the adoption of fingerprint databanks as a tool for personal identification in Taiwan.