新加坡全球城市國家建構及其國家控制的政治官僚模式

Singapore as a Developmental Global City-State and Its State-Controlled Political-Bureaucratic Model

施奕任(Yi-Jen Shih)

《政治科學論叢》 48期 (2011/06) Pp. 63-108

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.48(63-108)

摘要

本文探討新加坡全球城市國家治理模式而與全球城市理論進行對話，並分別檢視地理脈絡以及政治脈絡。在地理脈絡上，本文認爲領土狹小迫使新加坡認知到全球佈局的必要性，因此積極建構全球城市策略將自身嵌入全球經濟，諸如主導龐大跨國資金的流動、推動跨界特殊的全球城市區域以及吸引大量國際移民等。另一方面，本文反駁既有文獻將新加坡推動全球佈局的國家自主性與能力歸因於特殊的都市國家尺度，認爲其難以解釋香港與新加坡同處於都市國家尺度卻呈現極端迥異的發展路徑。在政治脈絡上，本文認爲新加坡屬於國家控制的政治官僚模式，人民行動黨政府壟斷了政治權力，並建立規模龐大的金融控股公司以及政府關聯企業，使得國家跨過私人資本佔據市場治理網絡的核心位置，直接引導新加坡的全球控制能力。新加坡全球城市國家的發展路徑，說明全球城市形塑並非僅是反應跨國資本流動的結果，城市所處的政治脈絡以及國家角色，同樣影響其推動其全球控制的能力。

關鍵字

新加坡 ； 全球城市 ； 政聯企業 ； 發展型國家 ； 國家控制模式

並列摘要

This paper analyzes how Singapore, as a global city-state, can formulate its global control capability through the city governance process. Since Singapore has a spatially constrained territory, its government recognized early the importance of global control capability and aimed to become a key regional and global location for financial services and advanced producer services, similar to leading global cities in the West. This paper finds that Singapore's global city formation relies on a state-controlled model. The People's Action Party (PAP) government dominates politics in the city-state, allowing party elites to implement national economic and industrial policy with little opposition. On the basis of an illiberal democracy and the developmental state, the PAP government has established Temasek Holdings and many large government-linked companies (GLCs). PAP elites and bureaucratic systems occupy the core of market governance network, excluding the private sector. The Singapore government uses Temasek and other GLCs to implement its economic policies and strengthen its global control capability. In short, this paper argues that formation of global cities such as Singapore is not simply the result of global economic flows; the geographical and political context also can influence the characteristics and capabilities of global cities.

並列關鍵字

Singapore ； Global City Theory ； Developmental State ； Government-linked Companies

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