甜椒、辣椒薊馬種類及防治研究

Thrips Associated with Peppers and Their Control

蘇先平(Hsien-Ping Su) ； 陳連勝(Lain-Sheng Chen)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 2期 (1986/03) Pp. 15-16

摘要

自72年7月至73年6月經調查甜椒、辣椒上之薊馬，結果有五種，南黃色薊馬ThripspalmiKarny佔92.01%、台灣花薊馬Frank liniellaintonsa（Trybom）佔4.26%、花薊馬Thrip shawaiiensis（Morgan）佔2.65%、小黃薊馬Scirto thrips dorsalis Hood佔0.97%，及中國薊馬Hap lothrips chinensis Priesner佔0.11%。其中T. palmi在甜椒上較多，其他四種在辣椒上較多。雌雄比為3.1:1。南黃色薊馬為害心部、幼葉、花，台灣花薊馬及花薊馬為害花部，小黃薊馬為害心部及幼葉，中國薊馬為害葉。甜椒薊馬密度比辣椒為高。甜椒花、心部、老葉、幼葉每枚最高薊馬隻數分別有38.2隻、16.4隻、8.8隻、6.1隻，最低密度為零。薊馬發生密度以7∼9月最高，其次5∼6月及10月。本場發現甜椒、辣椒花器內有薊馬天敵，經鑑定為花椿象Triphleps sauteri Poppius（Anthocoridae），平均每朵花器內有0.05隻花椿象。藥劑防治試驗結果以48.34%、丁基加保扶孔劑1,500倍，50%滅賜克可濕性粉劑1,000倍及90%硫賜安可溶性粉劑2,000倍效果最優。

並列摘要

This study was conducted from July 1983 to June 1984. Five species of thrips and their population densities found on peppers in Hualien area were Thrips palmi Karny, 92.01%; Frankiniella intonsa (Trybom), 4.26%; Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), 2.65%; Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, 0.97%; and Haplothrips chinensis Priesner, 0.11%. Of these species, the number of Thrips palmi Karny on green pepper was more than that of on hot pepper. The sex ratio of these species was about 3.1♀:1♂. T.palmi Karny injured the epidermis of buds, leaves and flowers of peppers by sucking, while F.intonsa (Trybom) and T.hawaiiensis (Morgan) injured more flowers. S. dorsalis Hood injured epidermis of buds and young leaves. H. chinensis Priesner injured mostly on leaves. Thrips density on green pepper was higher than that of on hot pepper. The highest densities of thrips on per piece of green pepper flower, epidermis of bud, old leaf, and young leaf were 38.2, 16.4, 8.8, 6.1 respectively. Average density of thrips was higher during the period from July to September. The natural enemy of pepper thrips, Triphleps sauteri Poppius (Anthocoridae) was found in pepper flowers by the first author of Hualien DAIS. The density of T.sauteri inhabited in peppers was about 0.05 per flower. Results of chemical control showed that 48.34% Marshal E.C 1500X, 50% Mesurol W.P 1000X and 90% Evisect S.P 2000X were the most effective for controlling thrips of peppers.