酸性土壤落花生育異常原因之探討

Studies on the Causes of Abnormal Growth of Peanut in Acid Soils

江國忠(Kao-Chung Chiang) ； 王銀波(Yin-Po Wang)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 9期 (1993/05) Pp. 42-53

https://doi.org/10.6957/RBHDAIS.199305.0042

摘要

花蓮地區大部分酸性土壤無論旱田或水田轉作落花生常發生植株矮化，葉脈間黃化或黃白化，葉片尖端邊緣有點狀的褐斑等現象，而造成落花生產量偏低，其原因不明，本研究之目的乃在探討其生育異常之原因。由於酸性土壤可萃取性鐵、錳及交換性鋁含量較高，鉬可能缺乏，因此，於田間選擇二十五處有生育異常之落花生田，分別採集生育異常與正常植株和土壤（表土）分析理化性質及植株養分含量以比較兩者之差異。調查資料顯示，落花生生育異常土壤比正常者約低0.7pH單位，落花生生育異常土壤之可萃取性鐵及錳含量比正常者略高，而落花生生育異常土壤之交換性鋁含量為正常之2.1倍，植體地上部鐵及錳含量生育異常為正常之2.0及2.9倍，而植體地上部鋁含量生育正常為異常之1.9倍；落花生生育異常及正常的土壤與植體地上部之鉬含量雖無顯著差異，但生育異常植株亦有缺鉬的現象，因此鉬缺乏是否為落花生生育異常之其中限制因子，尚待進一步探討。由此可知，酸性土壤鐵、錳、鋁過量為落花生生育異常的限制因子。

關鍵字

酸性土壤 ； 落花生 ； 生育異常

並列摘要

Peanut grown on most acid soils (uplands and paddy fields) in Hualien, eastern part of Taiwan, has low yield with stubby, interveinal chlorosis, and tip and marginal scorch symptoms. The objective of this thesis was to study the factors that may cause this disorder growth. A field survey with 25 sample sites, in each field normal and abnormal peanut shoots and surface soils were collected separatively. Soil chemical properties and plant nutrient contents were measured to characterise their differences. Comparing soil chemical properties and plant nutrient contents from the abnormal sites to those from normal sites showed that the formers had lower soil pH in about 0.7 units, higher exchangeable aluminum in about 2.1 times, and higher Fe and Mn contents in shoots in magnitude of about 2.0 and 2.9 times, but both Mo contents hadn't significant difference respectively. Results indicate that in acid soil high available contents of Al, Mn, and Fe are the limiting factors for growing peanut, peanut plants also showed symptom of Mo deficiency, but the role of Mo in peanut production is not clear.

並列關鍵字

Acid soils ； Peanut ； Abnormal growth