原住民農家婦女參與家庭經營決策之研究

Aboriginal Farm Women's Participation in Family and Farm Decision-Making

賴爾柔(Erh-Rou Lai) ； 林妙娟(Miao-Chuan Lin)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 14期 (1997/06) Pp. 73-93

https://doi.org/10.6957/RBHDAIS.199706.0073

摘要

農村家庭經營決策的研究，是1970年以來農村社會學者廣為討論的一個重要議題。為了瞭解原住民農家婦女參與家庭經營決策的現況，她們在參與家庭經營決策時所遭遇的問題與需求，以及分析影響原住民農家婦女參與家庭經營決策的因素，研究小組人員首先前往四個原住民部落，實地體驗原住民生活，並與當地農家婦女舉行座談會。然後，在家政指導員協助之下，本研究以問卷訪問調查阿美、泰雅、排灣與布農等四族的農家婦女共194人。資料分析的結果發現，原住民農家婦女在家庭決策的參與很高，但是與家庭經濟或重大金錢事項有關的決策，通常先生還是主要的決策者。在營農決策的參與方面，原住民婦女的參與權不算太低，顯示有愈來愈多的農家婦女成為重要的農埸經營者。在參與家庭與營農決策時所遇到的困難有：「資訊不足」、「時間不夠」、「精力不夠」、「能力不夠」、以及「三心二意，難以做決定」。當她們做家庭決策遇到困難時，大部份以丈夫為諮詢商量的對象。而在營農決策遇到困難時，丈夫以及鄰居朋友，是她們最常請益的對象。在家庭決策方面，她們希望提升的能力以「理財能力」、「教養子女」、「家事工作簡化」與「營養保健」幾項為最需要。而在營農決策方面，最希望提升的能力則為：「經營管理能力」、「生產栽培技術」、以及「預測市埸能力」。本研究的發現，可以做為未來規劃原住民農業推廣活動及農業經營學習內容的參考：（1）除了理財能力、教養子女與營養保健之外，有關家務工作簡化、合理的人際關係與夫妻調適之道、時間管理、壓力紓解、情緒商數的培養、省工的農務操作方法、有效的農場管理策略等等，都是值得考慮安排給農家婦女學習的內容。（2）男性農場主應該有機會學習有關家事操作的知識與技能，農家婦女的營農決策與農務操作的能力，更需大力的予以提升。（3）農家婦女的貢獻應在精神上受到家人及社會大眾的認可，並在物質上得到應有的保障。

關鍵字

原住民婦女 ； 家庭經營決策 ； 資源理論

並列摘要

Since 1970, farm women's participation in family and farm decision-making has been a popular research subject for rural sociologists. The research team of this study first visited four aboriginal tribes to gain experience and to conduct seminars with local farm women. Then, with the assistance of home economics extension workers, 194 aboriginal farm women from four tribes (Ami, Atayal, Paiwan, and Bunun) were interviewed about their participation in decision-making and problems encountered in making decisions. Factors affecting their participation in decision-making are also examined.The research has found that aboriginal farm women have very high participation in family decision-making. However, with regard to major economic or monetary items, husbands are the main decision-makers. In farm decision-making, women' participation is also high, but not as high as their participation in family decision-making. In addition, more and more women are becoming key farm operators.The main problems encountered in family and farm decision-making are lack of information, inadequate time, inadequate energy, insufficient ability, and difficulty in making up one's mind. Husbands and neighbors are the main consultants when encountering difficulties in making decision. The areas women strive to enhance in family decision-making are financial management, children's education, simplification of housework, health and nutrition. The areas they strive to enhance in farm decision-making are farm management, crop production technology, and market forecasting. Based on the research findings, three suggestions are recommended:1) Future extension programs can include the following courses: financial management, children's education, health and nutrition, simplification of housework, interpersonal relationships, time management, stress management, emotional intelligence, crop production and farm management.2) Opportunities to enhance knowledge and skills about housework operation should be provided for husbands.3)The contributions of farm women deserve more recognition and appreciation, and their financial security should be considered.

並列關鍵字

Aboriginal women ； decision-making about family and farm management ； the resource theory