文旦分級機械之研製

Development of the Grading Machines for Wentan Pomelo Fruits

邱澄文(Chen-Wen Chiu) ； 陳哲民(Che-Min Chen)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 22期 (2004/08) Pp. 40-50

https://doi.org/10.6957/RBHDAIS.200408.0040

摘要

本場研製完成文旦分級機相關裝置，包括二型計有滾軸式分級機及重量式分級機，並包含週邊傳送設備之組合，其中滾軸式分級機最佳輸送作業速度43.5 m/min，滾軸速度76.3 rpm，滾軸高度可分成六級，包括8 cm以下、8.1～10 cm、10.1～10.5 cm、10.6～11 cm、11.1～12 cm及12 cm以上等六種高度，其中高度在10.1～11 cm分級出來之文旦在400～550 g適合設立品牌。本機最大工作能量為6.75 ton/h。重量式分級機亦分成六級，包括600 g以上、525 g、450 g、375 g、300 g及300 g以下等六種規格，最大作業能量為3.75 ton/h。當滾軸式與重量式結合使用時，配合有傳送設備，可達成一貫作業且精確分級之目的。本套作業只需傳統人力分級作業之1/8～1/4，大量節省分級人力及成本。為配合分級前文旦外觀之清潔工作，在滾軸式分級機入料口設有20組刷毛，當文旦進料時經由彼此推動可將文旦推送至滾軸分級機中，經由毛刷以機械方式之清潔，將使分級後文旦外觀較為美觀亮麗，提升商品價值。針對分級後調查文旦物理性狀並進行內部品質相關性探討，分析文旦果實糖度、糖酸比、榨汁率、果徑及果重，由於糖度、糖酸比、榨汁率與消費者對文旦之喜好程度有明顯正相關，因此在各分級標準下，果徑大小分級第二、三級為最佳品質，再經果重分級，可進一步提高品質穩定度達95％～98％。

關鍵字

文旦 ； 分級 ； 滾軸式選別機 ； 重量式選別機

並列摘要

The purpose of this project is to develop the grading machine for wentan pomelo fruits. It includes three major parts: roller sizer, weight sorter and automatic transportation equipment. Testing and analyzing the roller sizer, we optimize its working capacity. The belt conveyor's velocity is 43.5 m/min and the rolling axis's speed is 76.3 rpm. The gaps between axis and belt are designed with 6 grades: under 8 cm; 8.1~10 cm; 10.1~10.5 cm; 10.6~11 cm; 11.1~12 cm and over 12 cm. The maximum working capacity of rolling sizer is 54 tons per day, (based on 8 working hour per day). The weight sorter is also designed with 6 grades: under 300 g, 375 g, 450 g, 525 g, 600 g and over 600 g. Its working capacity is 30 tons per day. The whole grading machine can reduce the labor requirementand marketing cost, and increase the grading efficiency. To fit the purpose of cleaning, we set 20 units of brushes after the inlet. After brushing, wentan pomelo fruits will be cleaner and shiner in appearance. We also analyze the sweetness, sugar-acid ratio, juice content, fruit size and weight. Because the sweetness, sugar-acid ratio and juice content of wentan pomelo fruits were significantly positive-related to the overall preference from consumers, the wentan pomelo fruits from second and third grade show the best quality. Wentan pomelo fruits could be graded recording to fruits size and weight, and have the equality in quality (margin of error is 2 % to 5 %) and promote products' values.

並列關鍵字

wentan pomelo fruits ； grading ； roller sizer ； weight sorter