溫網室內一貫化播種機械之開發

臺灣的農作物多元化，但容易受到氣候異常與病蟲害等因素所影響，因此設施栽培面積逐年提升，透過設施栽培可降低大自天然所帶來的災害，且有助於提升農產品的品質。礙於溫網室出入口大小的限制，鮮少有大型機具可進入作業，其作業以人力為主，少部分採用小型曳引機或中耕機輔助作業，這將會耗費大量的人力與時間。本研究設計一台適用於溫網室內與開放田區皆適用的一貫化播種機，採用小型曳引機作為動力主體，透過模組化的設計，將整地、作畦、播種之功能結合，該一貫化播種機之機體大小，全展幅長度為1.8m，收折後之播種機全長為1.25m，全寬為1.8m，重量為680kg。收折的一貫化播種機可在溫網室內之頭地端進行較小空間的迴轉作業，且能在溫網室內築出三座各160cm之畦床。本機器於戶外田區進行播種試驗，分別測試播種蘿蔔與玉米，而蘿蔔的最大缺播率為3.57%，玉米的最大缺株率為3.2%，兩項試驗皆符合農委會TS09暫行基準之缺播率於5%以內。本研究之一貫化播種機適用於溫網室內與開放田區，經測試過後，作業效率約為人工四倍以上，模組化播種機可依照農民種植的需求進行調整，並達到溫網室內種植作業全面機械化之目標，藉以紓緩季節性缺工與人力短缺的問題。

關鍵字

一貫化播種機；收折式機構；溫網室栽培

並列摘要

Taiwan's crops are diversified, yet are susceptible to climate anomalies, pests and diseases, thus the protected culture or greenhouse culture is increasing year by year. In other words, the disasters or diseases caused by the environment can be reduced through protected culture, and the quality of agricultural products can be improved. Due to the limitation of the size of the inlet and outlet of the protected culture, few large tools can enter and work, thus the operation inside is mainly using manpower, and few small tractors or cultivators are used to assist the operation. In this study, a consistent seeder suitable for both greenhouse and open field was designed, using a small tractor as the main power, and combining the functions of land preparation, furrow and seeding through modular design. The fully extended length, the folded length, and the total width of the consistent seeder are 1.8 m, 1.25 m and 1.8 m, respectively, and the weight is 680 kg. The foldable consistent seeder is able to turn at the limited headland of the greenhouse, where three beds of 160 cm each can be built. The field tests were conducted for the sown radish and corn respectively. The maximum absent rate of radish was 3.57% and 3.2% for maize. Both test results were less than the absence rate standard, 5% or less, in the provisional benchmark TS09, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan. The consistent seeder in this study is suitable for both protected culture and open field. The operation efficiency is about four times more than the manual work, and the modular seeder can be adjusted based on the various cultivation needs. Thus, the consistent seeder could accomplish the goal of comprehensive mechanization of protected culture, and reduce the problem of seasonal labor shortage or manpower shortage as well.