法決定的兩個弔詭：從系統論的觀點對法學方法論進行觀察

Two Paradoxes of Legal Decision: An Analysis of the Methodology of Legal Science by Luhmann's System Theory

鍾芳樺(Fang-Hua Chung)

《東吳社會學報》 22期 (2007/06) Pp. 61-109

https://doi.org/10.6417/SJS.200706.0061

摘要

本文試圖透過德國社會學家Niklas Luhmann的觀點，來觀察法學方法論。法學方法論由規範與決定之區分出發，並且進一步將規範當作一種規則，個案可以爲規範所涵攝或具禮化（法作爲法）。但這樣將無法解釋漏洞的問題。爲了解決這個問題，法學方法論提出另一個原則與規則之區分，漏洞不再是一種例外，而爲原則所包含，成爲法的一部分。另一方面，法學方法論也運用了外於法的環境訊息，來協助法系統進行選擇（不是法作爲法）。並隨著多元主義與基本權之語義學發展，導向了法的程序化。在最後，本文將指出，法學方法論預設了法官恣意與法官主觀判斷的區分，並希望透過法學方法論所指出的法適用方式，消除法官的恣意性。

關鍵字

法學方法論 ； 弔詭 ； 系統論 ； 規則與例外 ； 原則

並列摘要

This article tries to analyze the Germany methodology of legal science by Luhmann's system theory. This article points out the paradox und de-paradox of methodology of legal science, in order to explain the development of the methodology of legal science. At first, the methodology of legal science begins its operations with the distinction of norm and decision. This article uses two forms of self-description to explain how the methodology of legal science describes the concept of norm: In first form (law as law) the norm which determine the rightness of legal decisions ought be exist before the legal decision, but ought be exist with legal decisions in the same time too. This produce the paradox of ”simultaneousness of insimultaneousness”. In order to deparadoxize of this paradox, the methodology of legal science uses the strategies of de-timeness (Ent-Zeitlichkeit).
The second form (law as non-law) means, to use the distinction of environment system in system (re-entry). From the end of 19th, The methodology of legal science uses various information of environment to determine the rightness of legal decisions. But this mode of method produces the uncertainty of judgments. Use methodology of legal science tries to use the legal dogmatic to control the judgments in order to reduce their uncertainty. The legal dogmatic and legal profession become of standards of legal decision. But how can jurist judge rightness of legal dogmatic? Paradoxically the methodology of legal science uses the opinions of laymen to determine the rightness of legal dogmatic. Because of semantic of pluralism, proceduralization of lass become of the new paradigm in the methodology of legal science.
At last this article points out the function of the methodology of legal science in the social system.

並列關鍵字

methodology of legal science ； paradox ； Luhmann's system theory ； rule and exception Regel und Ausnahme ； principle

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