中國大陸反腐措施問題與改革之研究－從雙規到留置

雙規作為中共當局的反腐措施，過去獲得巨大成效並廣為實行，不過，雙規引發出黨政關係和人權保障等爭議，一直為人所詬病，尤其是雙規措施在中國大陸憲法的框架下並不具有正當性。國家監察體制改革作為中國大陸國家治理體系和治理能力現代化建設的一部分，其中用留置取代雙規措施，更是改革的核心議題之一，象徵反腐措施從黨內逐漸推向國家層面的一個新的臺階，意味著留置將全面納入法治的框架下。但是，留置若不加以約束，又將重回雙規的老路，為防止留置不被濫用，保障被調查人的合法權利不被侵害，就必須形成一套完整、嚴密的規則體系，從實體和程序規則上對留置措施加以有效約束，推動留置在法治軌道運行，最終達成依法治國的目標。

關鍵字

雙規；留置；國家監察體制改革；反腐措施；監察法

並列摘要

As an anti-corruption measure of the Chinese Communist authorities, the Shuanggui has achieved great success in the past and has been widely implemented. However, the Shuanggui have caused disputes over party-government relations and human rights protection, and have been criticized. In particular, the Shuanggui are not legitimate under the framework of the Chinese Constitution. As part of the modernization of China's national governance system and governance capabilities, the reform of the national supervision system is one of the core issues of the reform, which replaces Shuanggui with retention, which symbolizes that anti-corruption measures are gradually pushed from the party to a new level at the national level. It means that the retention will be fully integrated into the framework of the rule of law. However, if the retention is not restricted, it will return to the old way of Shuanggui. In order to prevent the retention from being abused and protect the legal rights of the person under investigation from being infringed, a complete and rigorous system of rules must be formed. The rules effectively restrict the retention measures, promote the retentions to run on the track of the rule of law, and ultimately achieve the goal of governing the country according to law.