臺灣推動高齡友善農村社區之現況與困境

臺灣已於2018年邁入高齡社會，且預估將在2025年進入超高齡社會，惟當前探討高齡友善仍多聚焦於城市。相較之下，農村社區不但須面對人口外流，更缺乏經濟資源，受到高齡化之衝擊將遠高於城市地區。本研究綜整有關高齡友善及農村社區之研究，並以宜蘭內城社區、新竹風城社區以及臺南社子社區為例，分析臺灣農村社區人口高齡化之情形，進一步透過實地訪談，了解當前臺灣農村社區所需高齡友善之硬體設施與軟體策略。研究成果發現：（一）高齡化為農村社區共同區域，先滿足硬體設施，進而思考軟體需求；（二）可聯繫感情之場域（硬體）及活動（軟體）為農村社區之主要需求；以及（三）高齡友善非單向照護，而需提昇高齡者之自信與能力。

關鍵字

高齡友善；綠色照護；實地訪談；農村社區

並列摘要

Taiwan has entered an aging society in 2018 and is expected to enter a super-aged society in 2025. However, the current promotion of age-friendly strategies is still focused on urban areas. In contrast, rural communities not only have to face the problem of population exodus, but also the lack of economic resources, caused the more sever impacts by aging issues. This study summarizes the indicators of both age-friendly and rural communities that have been developed domesticlly and abroad, and evaluates the impacts of rural communities in Taiwan facing the aging phenomenon of the population. Taking Fengcheng Community (Hsinchu), Shezi Community (Tainan) and Neichen Community (Yilan) as examples of rural communities, by applying the interviews, an indicator system for the age-friendly rural communities was established. The results reveal that: (1) aging is a common trend, the infrastructure needs are met, and then soft power needs are considered; (2) emotionally connected field (infrastructure) and activities (soft power) are the main needs; and (3) a good age-friendly strategy is not one-way care, but to enhance the self-confidence and ability of the elderly.