美國人口販運防制體制之研究

A Study on US Human Trafficking Prevention Regime

高佩珊(Pei-Shan Kao)

《中國行政評論》 28卷3期 (2022/09) Pp. 77-96

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.202209_28(3).0004

摘要

人口販運問題始終為各國政府與國際組織所關注，此嚴重犯罪行為不只具備跨國、跨境、組織犯罪之特色，危害基本人權亦嚴重侵害人類的自由與尊嚴。人口販運與毒品、武器的走私一樣，為全球三大重要犯罪行為。因此，不只是聯合國，各國皆針對人口販運行為訂定有效打擊和防制措施。由於美國是許多國家人民期望移居的國家，每年成千上萬進入美國的移民當中，其中不乏偷渡人口；因此喪失生命的非法移民更是不計其數。人口販運問題與非法移民相同，長期以來對於美國而言，都是相當嚴重且敏感的議題。為了防制人口販運問題，其治理體制（regime）的強化便極為重要。本文探討美國人口販運防制體制，採用文獻研究法，分析其相關文獻與政府「人口販運問題報告」，瞭解美國人口販運問題，檢視美國政府人口販運防制體制；發現其為增修法規、提供資訊、強化違法制裁、增強打擊人口販運經費、加強對受害人、倖存者之保護、拓展國際合作，共同打擊人口販運等等；期望對於我國強化人口販運防制體制有所助益。

關鍵字

跨國犯罪 ； 組織犯罪 ； 聯合國公約 ； 人口販運 ； 防制體制

並列摘要

Human trafficking has always been a concern of governments and international organizations. This serious crime not only has the characteristics of transnational, cross-border and organized crime, but also endangers basic human rights and seriously violates human freedom and dignity. Like the smuggling of drugs and weapons, human trafficking is one of the three most important trafficking crimes in the world. Therefore, not only the United Nations, but also all countries have attempted to formulate effective measures and policies to combat and prevent the actions of human trafficking. The National Immigration Agency of the Interior Ministry has also continued to strengthen and enhance cooperation with many countries to improve our government's anti-trafficking strategy. The most effective method to prevent the immigration of illegal people to one country is by means of cross-border and cross-regional cooperation. For the United States, human trafficking is not only a human rights and humanitarian issue, but also poses a serious threat to its national and social security. Therefore, the United States not just has been published the ＂Annual Human Trafficking Report＂ to examine and investigate every country's performance in preventing human trafficking. By means of making and promulgating related laws, transnational and international cooperation, public-private cooperation, participation and training of law enforcement officers, combination of resources from different departments and institutions and international organizations, the US government has been making efforts to effectively combat human trafficking crimes. Therefore, this article intends to study the regime of human trafficking prevention in the United States, including examining and analyzing human trafficking problems faced by the United States. Hoping to provide our government with some suggestions to formulate better prevention regime to fight against human trafficking problems.

並列關鍵字

transnational crime ； organized crime ； United Nations convention ； human trafficking ； regime of prevention

參考文獻

Hogan, Kimberly A. & Dominique Roe-Sepowitz. 2020. “LGBTQ+ Homeless Young Adults and Sex Trafficking Vulnerability. Journal of Human Trafficking. From https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23322705.2020.1841985. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

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