- 學位論文
跨境人口販運防制對策成效評估之研究
A Study to Evaluate the Results of Taiwan’s Policies on Cross-border Human Trafficking
摘要
自20世紀末開始，反人口販運蔚為全球運動，然而對於人口販運防制對策提出評估檢視的聲浪亦同步興起；國內研究人口販運歷經概念的啟蒙、防制對策的制定、復於2010年重返美國年度評鑑的第一級（Tier 1），在此背景下，本研究嘗試對於跨境人口販運防制對策的成效進行探討與評估。 本研究採用修正式德菲法與深度訪談法，以釐清防制對策規劃者、執行者、受規範者，三者之間對於跨境人口販運防制對策之共識程度。首先，在防制對策規劃者部分，選取15位專家學者為研究對象，進行兩回合調查。其次，在防制對策執行者，訪談6位第一線查緝執法人員與6位在庇護中心提供安置保護服務者。第三，基於尊重當事人意願，因此有關受規範者，訪談6位目前受勞委會安置，被性剝削或勞力剝削的印尼籍女性。 研究發現，影響跨境人口販運防制對策，查緝、保護、預防與合作等四大構面成效之因素，取決於防制對策規劃者、執行者、受規範者對於「標的」與「作為」的共識程度，而共識程度會受到個人經驗、理性選擇、認知概念、行為改變與認同感等之影響。共識程度高，產生增能作用，成效提高，社會控制力量得以擴散；反之，共識程度低，產生折損作用，成效降低，社會控制的力量就會削弱。 最後，本研究建議執法機關對於人口販運的概念應更具一致性，並歸納合適案例，提供偵審機關實務運用，避免偵查與審判不同調的現象發生。此外，安置保護不宜區分移民署與勞委會進行，方能使被性剝削或勞力剝削者得享有相同資源的服務。社會大眾對於人口販運概念尚未完全普及，有關當局應根據國內社會環境特性研擬適當預防作為，以符合民眾需求。而建立防制成效評鑑機制實屬必要，但確定行政權責之隸屬，才能實質提升防制成效。
並列摘要
Since the latter part of the 20th century, human trafficking has become a worldwide phenomenon, yet there is little consensus as to the best way to evaluate anti-trafficking policies. An increasing amount of research has been carried out in Taiwan on cross-border human trafficking, and Taiwan returned to Tier 1 status in the 2010 Trafficking in Persons Report issued by the US Department of State. In light of these developments, this research examines the effectiveness of the anti-human-trafficking strategies adopted in Taiwan in recent years. This research utilized a modified Delphi Method and in-depth interviews to investigate the degree of consensus concerning Taiwan’s anti-trafficking strategies which exists amongst policy planners, those responsible for implementing these policies, and the victims of human trafficking. First, this research assembled a panel of 15 experts in such areas as law, labor policies, social policies, law enforcement, and immigration affairs, and conducted two rounds of research using a modified Delphi Method. Next, interviews were conducted with six front-line law enforcement personnel and six case workers at a shelter for victims of human trafficking. Finally, interviews were conducted with six Indonesian women under the protective custody of the Council of Labor Affairs after becoming victims of sexual or labor exploitation. It was found that the factor which has the most bearing on the results of the 4Ps (prevention, prosecution, protection, and partnership) is the degree of consensus between these three groups with respect to intention and behavior. This degree of consensus, in turn, is influenced by such factors as one’s personal experience, rational decision-making, cognition, behavioral change, and sense of identity. Moreover, a high degree of consensus tends to promote victim empowerment, enhance outcomes, and facilitate the control of human trafficking at the societal level. Conversely, a low level of consensus tends to have the opposite effect. In light of the findings it is recommended that law enforcement agencies adopt a common understanding of the concept of human trafficking, and that they compile a set of suitable cases for use in training inspection personnel, since doing so would help to reduce the lack of coordination between law enforcement agencies and the judiciary. Additionally, it is recommended that the protective custody of the victims of sexual or labor exploitation should be carried out jointly by the National Immigration Agency and the Council of Labor Affairs, so as to facilitate resource sharing. Also, the relevant authorities should develop and implement suitable campaigns for educating the public about human trafficking, a concept which is currently not widely understood in Taiwan. Finally, it is emphasized that the establishment of an independent evaluation mechanism is essential for increasing the effectiveness of Taiwan’s anti-human-trafficking policies.