Acute Toxicity of Copper, Cadmium, and Mercury to the Freshwater Fish Varicorhinus barbatus and Zacco barbata

銅、鎘、汞對台灣鏟頷魚和台灣馬口魚的急性毒性

熊文俊(Wen-Jiunn Shyong) ； 陳弘成(Hon-Cheng Chen)

《Acta Zoologica Taiwanica》 11卷1期 (2000/01) Pp. 33-45

https://doi.org/10.6576/AZT.2000.11.(1).3

摘要

本研究探討銅、鎘、汞對台灣鏟頷魚(Varicorhinus barbatus)、台灣馬口魚(Zacco barbata)之急性毒性，以做為河川水質、訂定水質基準保護與魚類養殖之參考。由本研究發現銅對台灣鏟頷魚和台灣馬口魚的24,48,72,96小時之LC50分別是0.305，0.279，0.270，0.246 mg/l CuSO4-Cu和0.130，0.095，0.084，0.079 mg/l CuSO4-Cu。鎘對台灣鏟頷魚和台灣馬口魚的24,48,72,96小時之LC50分別是1.675，1.622，1.587，1.502 mg/l CdCl2-Cd和2.598，1.915，1.774，1.510 mg/l CdCl2-Cd。至於汞對台灣鏟頷魚和馬口魚的24,48,72,96小時之LC50分別是0.183，0.181，0.173，0.168 mg/l HgCl2-Hg和0.201，0.163，0.162，0.161 mg/l HgCl2-Hg。三種重金屬對台灣鏟頷魚和台灣馬口魚的毒性大小分別是汞＞銅＞鎘和銅＞汞＞鎘。比較各種淡水魚對重金屬毒性之能力，則發現愈在清淨上游棲身的魚類較不耐重金屬之毒害。由本研究銅與汞對魚類的生物安全濃度建議為0.007 mg/l及0.0015 mg/l，至於鎘，仍待更多研究及參考數據。

關鍵字

台灣鏟頷魚 ； 台灣馬口魚 ； 銅 ； 鎘 ； 汞 ； 急性毒性

並列摘要

Acute toxicities of copper, cadmium, and mercury to the freshwater fish Varicorhinus barbatus and Zacco barbata found in clear upstream waters were studied as a basis for the protection of river water quality and the ease of aquaculture pond management. In all cases, the higher the concentration of metal used, the quicker the animals died. Twenty-four-hour LC50 values of copper, cadmium, and mercury to V. barbatus were 0.305 mg/l Cu, 1.657 mg/l Cd, and 0.183 mg/l Hg; however 96-h LC50 values decreased to 0.246 mg/l Cu, 1.502 mg/l Cd, and 0.168 mg/l Hg,respectively. Similarly, 24-h LC50 values of copper, cadmium, and mercury to Z. barbata were 0.130 mg/l Cu, 2.598 mg/l Cd, and 0.201 mg/l Hg;96-h LC50 values were 0.079 mg/l Cu, 1.510 mg/l Cd,and 0.161 mg/l Hg,respectively. The order of metal toxicity to V. barbatus is Hg ＞ Cu ＞ Cd, while to Z. barbata it is Cu ＞ Hg ＞ Cd. To protect aquatic organisms, biologically safe concentrations of copper and mercury are suggested to be 7μg/l and 1.5μg/l,respectively. However more studies are needed to determine this level for cadmium.

並列關鍵字

Acute toxicity ； Copper ； Cadmium ； Mercury ； Varicorhinus barbatus ； Zacco barbata