國會議員生涯類型變遷與民主體制的取向分析－以台灣第二到第七屆立法院爲例

Changes in Legislative Career Types and the Developmental Orientation of Democracy: A Study of Taiwan' Legislative Yuan from the Second Term to the Seventh Term

廖達琪(Da-Chi Liao)

《東吳政治學報》 28卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 49-96

https://doi.org/10.6418/SJPS.201006.0049

摘要

本文嘗試從國會議員生涯類型結構的變遷，來探看與民主體制取向的對應關係。首先，本文根據既有的理論及經驗研究，歸結出總統制及內閣制二大主要民主體制及中間型「半總統制」的組成邏輯，及相對照各體制下會出現國會議員生涯類型不同的組合趨勢。本文再以台灣為個案，試從經驗面台灣立法院從第二屆(993)降到第七屆(010)歷屆立法委員生涯類型變遷情形，來反思其間組成結構的變化所對應的民主體制取向。本文的主要發現是：台灣立法院長期發展，較是以「專職型」立委為主流，這比較接近「總統制」下的國會議員職涯傾向。最後，本文根據這實證觀察的發現，提出未來台灣修憲或國會改革可思考的方向。

關鍵字

國會議員生涯類型 ； 民主體制 ； 台灣 ； 立法院 ； 立法委員

並列摘要

This paper examines the shift and changes in the structure of legislators' career types and studies its relations to the developments of a democracy. First of all, we reviewed existing theories and empirical research to deduce the structural logic behind the two major democratic models, the ”presidential system” and the ”cabinet system”, and that of a third and median model, the ”quasi-presidential system.” Then these are compared with the trend in which legislators' career types appear within each system. This paper uses Taiwan as a case study to examine Taiwanese legislators from the second term (1993) to the seventh term (2010) to see if the shift and change in their career types have reflected on the developmental orientation of the democracy. The main finding of this paper is that in the long-term development of Taiwan's Legislative Yuan, ”career” legislators are the mainstream, and this career type is closer to the legislative career inclinations in a ”presidential system.” Lastly, based on these findings, this paper suggests possible direction for future constitutional amendment or legislative reform in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

career models of legislators ； democracy ； Taiwan ； Legislative Yuan ； legislators

參考文獻

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