美國最高法院與工作場所性騷擾之爭議

United States Supreme Court and the Controversies over Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

焦興鎧(Cing-Kae Chiao)

《歐美研究》 31卷2期 (2001/06) Pp. 325-420

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.200106.0325

摘要

本文對美國最高法院過去十三年來對工作場所性騷擾爭議之五項相關判決做一詳盡之評析，並說明未來之走向。除緒論及結論外，全文共分五大部分：第一部分探討此一問題在美國所引起之各項法律爭議。第二部分則研析最高法院在Meritor及Harris兩案之判決，除敘述兩案之重要事實及各下級法院之判決外，並分析該院之多數意見及贊同意見。第三部分討論該院在去年庭期對三件相關案件之判決，其中Oncale一案是希望解決各聯邦下級法院對同性間性騷擾之判決歧異情形，而Faragher及Ellerth兩案，則是要釐清在這類事件中雇主法律責任歸屬之爭端，其處理方式與第二部分相同。最後，本文在第四及第五部分則設法對美國最高法院此五項判決做一綜合評述。

關鍵字

工作場所性騷擾 ； 同性性騷擾 ； 管理監督者之性騷擾 ； 雇主法律責任 ； 美國最高法院

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to make an in-depth examination of five decisions concerning various controversies over sexual harassment at work rendered by the U.S. Supreme Court in the past thirteen years. In addition to the introductory and concluding remarks, the contents of the paper can be divided into five sections. Section One describes a number of legal disputes caused by the problems of sexual harassment in the workplace. Section Two examines the Meritor and Harris cases ruled on by the Supreme Court. Aside from the facts of the cases and the rulings of the District Courts and Courts of Appeals, both majority and concurring opinions of the Supreme Court are fully analyzed. Section Three discusses three related cases rendered by the Court in the 1998 session. Among them, Oncale concerns the issue of same-sex sexual harassment, and Faragher and Ellerth both try to clarify the scope of employer liability involving supervisory sexual harassment. Section Four details the controversies solved by these five decisions while Sections Five outlines several potential issues to be faced by the Court in the near future.

並列關鍵字

sexual harassment in the workplace ； same-sex sexual harassment ； supervisory sexual harassment ； employer liability ； United States Supreme Court

參考文獻

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Abrams, Kathryn(1998).The New Jurisprudence of Sexual Harassment.Cornell Law Review.83

Abrams, Kathryn(1998).Postscript, Spring 1998: A Response to Professors Bernstein and Franke.Cornell Law Review.83

Allegretti, Joseph G.(1983).Sexual Harassment by Nonemployees: The Limits of Employer Liability.Employee Relations Law Journal.9

Anderson, Cheryl L.(1998).'Nothing Personal': Individual Liability Under 42 U.S.C. §1983 for Sexual Harassment As an Equal Protection Claims.Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law.19