歐洲聯盟兩性工作平等法制之研究

Gender Equality in Employment in the European Union: Laws and Practices

焦興鎧(Cing-Kae Chiao)

《歐美研究》 31卷4期 (2001/12) Pp. 753-818

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.200112.0753

摘要

本文之目的，是要對歐洲聯盟過去四十幾年建構兩性工作平等法律制度之努力，做一整體說明，並評估其優劣得失，以及提出可供我國建構相同制度時參考之處。除緒論及結論外，全文共分六個部分：第一部分根據相關統計資料說明各會員國之女性就業狀況，並分析近年來女性大量投入勞動市場之現象及所產生之衝擊。第二部分說明早期歐洲聯盟建構兩性工作平等法制之情形。第三部分敘述該聯盟近期內推動兩性工作平等理念之努力。第四部分對歐洲聯盟兩性工作平等法制之未來發展趨勢做一說明。第五部分則是對其現制之優劣得失及引起爭議之處做一綜合評估。最後，本文列舉歐洲聯盟兩性工作平等法制中可供我國目前所制定「兩性工作平等法」參酌援引之處。

關鍵字

歐洲聯盟 ； 女性就業狀況 ； 兩性工作平等 ； 就業上性別區隔 ； 就業上性別歧視

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to provide a complete review of the developments in gender equality in the employment system in the European Union (EU) over the past forty years. It also evaluates the merits and shortcomings of the EU employment system and sets forth several proposals for Taiwan as it tries to establish a similar system. In addition to the introductory and concluding remarks, the paper is divided into six sections. Section One describes female employment conditions in the member states and analyzes their impact. Section Two sets out the development of gender equality in employment system by the EU's predecessors in the early stages. Sections Three and Four discuss the EU's recent endeavors and future trends. Section Five provides a detailed assessment of the EU's current practices, including their merits, shortcomings and controversial aspects. Finally, this paper outlines several lessons Taiwan can learn from the EU experience as it tries to enact a new Gender Equality in Employment Law.

並列關鍵字

European Union ； Female Employment Conditions ； Gender Equality in Employment ； Sex Segregation in Employment ； Sex Discrimination in Employment

參考文獻

Collins, Helen(1992).The Equal Opportunities Handbook: A Guide to Law ＆ Best Practice in Europe.Oxford, United Kingdom:Blackwell Publishers.

Commission of the European Communities(2000).Joint Employment Report.Brussels:Commission of the European Communities.

Commission of the European Communities(2000).Equal Opportunities for Men and Women in European Union - 1999.Brussels:Commission of the European Communities.

Ellis, Evelyn(1998).EC Sex Equality Law.Oxford:Clarendon Press.

European Commission(2000).Employment in Europe 2000.Brussels:Commission of the European Communities.