臺北市國民學校兒童視力障碍之研究

The Study on Visual Acuity Disturbance among the Primary School Children in Taipei

那玉(Y. Na)

《中華民國眼科醫學會會刊》 8卷 (1969/11) Pp. 54-64

https://doi.org/10.30048/ACTASOS.196911.0007

並列摘要

As the economy status has improved and the population has increased in Taiwan in the recent ten years and the capacity of the colleges and universities are not increased quickly enough to meet the increase in the number of high school graduates, the entrance examination to colleges and universities becomes more difficult year by year which results in a lot of home works added even to the primary school children and resulted in the unhealthy condition both emotionally and physically.
The results of visual acuity screen test done in various parts of this island in the past few years by the Department of Health Education of The National Taiwan Normal University shows that the increase of the number of visual disturbance has close relationship with the home work for entrance examination. So the higher incidence of visual disturbance in the cities of the west part of this island as compaired with that of the children of the villages of the east and north part (which are in much better and in healthy condition) suggests the influencing factor of hard school and home work.
The more recent survey of visual screen test on school children of Taipei city from November 1967 to May 1968 made by the Department of Health Education of The National Taiwan Normal University revealed that among the 8889 pupils from 32 primary schools in Taipei there were 2629 pupils who failed to read 20/20 with one eye or both eyes, or 29.57% has some degree of visual acuity disturbance. Further examinations were made on the 2629 pupils for the cause of visual defects. There were 1795 myopic or 20.2%, 275 hyperopic or 3.09%, 45 mixed astigmatism or 0.51%, 367 pupils with unexplained poor vision by physical examination but with some symptoms of vitamine B deficiency subjectively (and so nutritional retrobulbar neuritis was suspected for this group), 84 amblyopia or 0.95%, 50 or 0.56% with organic change, and 13 or 0.15% others. A number of 612 suspected nutritional retrobulbar neuritis were also found in the myopic group so the total number of suspected retrobulbar neuritis summed up to 979 or 11.01% to the total number examined.
There were great difference in number of myopia among the higher school grades which counted 7.99% in the first grade, 10.24% in the second grade, 13.6% in the third grade, 19.8% in the fourth grade, 27.2% in the fifth grade, and 41.5% in the sixth grade. The number of the suspected nutritional retrobulbar neuritis increases to from about 10% in the lower grades up to 16% in the sixth grade. These two factors made the number of visual acuity disturbance high in higher grades which has close relationship with the hard work for the entrance examination.
The presence of suspected nutritional retrobulbar neuritis was believed to be true by the author by the experience in the clinical findings and symptoms during the past years when there were certain number of cases developed in the army, by the evidence of dietary defeciency in Thiamine intake in Taiwan and by the good response to vitamine B complex treatment. According to the author's opinion this optic nerve disorder might have close relationship with the formation and progression of myopia.
It is a part of population problem which should be improved by accommodation in establishing more colleges and universities or professional schools for the young people.