熊十力的新唯識論和胡塞爾的現象學

熊十力是當代中國新儒家的創始人，胡塞爾則是西方現象學的創始人；本文嘗試比較這兩位哲學家的思想。他們的共同點在於：他們都探究意識的結構，發現意識總是關於某個東西的意識；換句話說，意識活動總是以某種方式與對象相關聯。再者，他們都強調直覺（尤其是反省的直覺）在哲學認識中的重要性，也強調本體論研究首先要注意到意識在認識活動中的構成作用。他們的區別點在於：熊十力強調哲學的真知灼見與道德修養相輔相成，因爲本心既是本體論上的太一，又是倫理上的第一原則，它必然顯現在萬事萬物中，與人的現實心靈相聯結。因此，人必須在本心上安身立命，以獲得最大的幸福。胡塞爾卻不能理解這一點，因爲他堅持唯理智主義的立場，機斷知識與道德修養的關係。

關鍵字

熊十力；胡塞爾；意識；本心

並列摘要

Hsiung Shih-li is the founder of the ”new Confucian school” in modern China. Edmund Husserl is the founder of phenomenology in the West. This essay brings into bold relief of the similarities and differences between the ideas of these two philosophers. On the one hand, they both explore the structure of consciousness and come to the same conclusion that consciousness is the consciousness of something, in other words, acts of consciousness have the peculiarity of relating in various ways to presented objects. Furthermore, they both emphasize that intuition, expecially the reflexive intuition, plays an important role in philosophical knowledge, and that ontological research must begin with an analysis of the constitutional functions of consciousness in cognitive activities. On the other hand, Hsiung insisted that true philosophical knowledge and moral self-cultivation can complement each other, since the original mind, regarded as ontological originator and moral ”causa prima”, manifests itself in all things and is linked with the human mini Therefore, people have to live in accordance with the original mind in order to obtain happiness and contentment. This point of view would be alien to Husserl, insomuch as he abides by intellectualism and cuts off the relationship betwween knowledge and moral cultivation.