Stress and Deviant Reproduction in Echinoderms

壓力對棘皮動物特殊生殖行為的影響

John M. Lawrence ； Joan Herrera

《Zoological Studies》 39卷3期 (2000/07) Pp. 151-171

摘要

棘皮動物正常的生殖特徵包括了：卵不帶有卵黃營養物質、需要靠浮游攝食以維生的發育階段、雌雄異體的有性生殖、季節性的生殖行為和幼體並不受二次代謝產物的保護；而特殊的生殖行為特徵則包括了：依賴卵黃營養物質為生的發育階段，此階段可能是浮游性、沈底性、或孵育型的發育、雌雄同體生殖、間歇性或連續少量的生殖、幼體受二次代謝產物的保護以及無性生殖等等。我們檢驗了從亞門到種的層級當中，會降低生殖力的壓力因子是否會導致棘皮動物產生上述的特殊生殖行為。在被檢驗的生物當中，特殊生殖特徵出現在那些壓力可被預測的類群中。雖然其他的變因也同樣會影響生殖特徵，但是分析顯示，壓力是其中一項不可忽視的重要因子。

關鍵字

棘皮動物 ； 壓力 ； 生殖 ； 生活史

並列摘要

Normal reproductive characteristics in echinoderms include non-maternal nutrition with a planktonic feeding developmental stage, sexual reproduction with gonochorism, seasonal reproduction, and no protection of young by secondary metabolites. Deviant reproductive characteristics include maternal nutrition of the developmental stage that may be planktonic, demersal, or brooded; hermaphroditic sexual reproduction; intermittent or continuous low-level reproduction; protection of young by secondary metabolites; and asexual reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that stress, which causes a decrease in capacity for production, was a factor responsible for deviant reproductive characteristics by comparing taxa from the subphylum to species levels. In the examples used, deviant reproduction occurred in the taxa for which stress could be predicted. Although other factors undoubtably affect reproductive characteristics, the analysis indicates that stress must be considered an important one.

並列關鍵字

Echinoderms ； Stress ； Reproduction ； Life-history