The Weak Comparative Morpheme in Mandarin Chinese

漢語的隱性虛化比較詞素

劉辰生(Luther Chen-Sheng Liu)

《Concentric： Studies in Linguistics》 33卷2期 (2007/07) Pp. 53-89

https://doi.org/10.6241/concentric.ling.200707_33(2).0003

摘要

漢語的XA（Y）D比較句式帶有「-過2」這個不具語音形式的比較詞素，這個後綴式的詞素虛化自XA－過Y（D）比較句式中的動詞後綴「－過1」。詞素「－過2」的虛化本質是造成XA（Y）D比較句式中差值度量詞組（D）必需出現和此一句式中形容詞不得受程度副詞修飾的原因。而且XA（Y）D這種比較句式的特有語法和語意特性多半源自「－過2」這個比較詞素的虛化本質。

關鍵字

虛化的比較詞素 ； 差值度量詞組 ； 間距論元

並列摘要

The X A (Y) D comparative contains a covert weak comparative morpheme (i.e. the covert verbal suffix -guo2) that is grammaticalized from the verbal suffix -guo1, meaning 'exceed' or 'surpass', in the X A-guo1 Y (D) comparative. The ”weak” nature of -guo2 is the ”virus” that makes the X A (Y) D comparative differ from the X bi Y A D comparative not only in obligatoriness of the measure phrase but also in further modification by degree adverbs. And most of the properties specific to the X A (Y) D comparative in fact originate from the weak nature of the covert verbal suffix -guo2.

並列關鍵字

weak comparative morpheme ； differential measure phrase ； interval argument

參考文獻

Beck, Sigrid(1997).On the semantics of comparative conditionals.Linguistics and Philosophy.20,229-271.

Beck, Sigrid,Tosiko Oda,Koji Sugisaki(2004).Parametric variation in the semantics of comparative: Japanese vs. English.Journal of East Asian Linguistics.13,289-344.

Bierwisch, Manfred (ed.),Edward Lang(1989).The semantics of gradation. Dimensional Adjectives.Berlin:Springer-Verlage.

Chao, Chun-Ping(2005).On phrasal and clausal comparatives in Mandarin Chinese.National Chiao Tung University.

Chao, Yuen-Ren(1968).A Grammar of Spoken Chinese.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.