「言險俗者，多以附照」－論鮑照詩歌的「險」與「俗」

鍾嶸的《詩品》將鮑照列為中品，而在鮑照詩評的最末，有一段引人注意的評論，稱鮑照「貴尚巧似，不避危仄，頗傷清雅之調。故言險俗者，多以附照」。鮑照詩風在其後文壇影響頗為深遠，《文心雕龍》稱「今才穎之士，刻意學文，多略漢篇，師範宋集」；〈詩品序〉稱「有輕薄之徒，笑曹劉為古拙，謂鮑照羲皇上人，謝朓今古獨步」，蕭子顯〈文學傳論〉亦稱「發唱驚挺，操調險急……斯鮑照之遺烈也」，且鮑照之影響多半帶著負面評價。本文分成幾個面向，首先關注的「險」與「俗」這兩個術語如何被論述、又如何結合；其次論述鮑照的樂府詩與「俗」的關係；其三論鮑照的寫景詩與「險」的關係，最後論鮑照詩歌在其後所造成的影響。希望進一步深入探討與謝靈運、顏延之並稱元嘉三傑的鮑照，其詩歌的風格的呈現與其在文學史中的位置。

關鍵字

詩品；鮑照；險；俗；文心雕龍

並列摘要

In Zhong Rong's Shi Pin, he listed Bao Zhao as a ＂medium level＂ poet. Moreover, there is one famous and eye-catching comment at the end of Bao Zhao's poem analysis, which implies poets who write vulgar and danger poetries are mostly influenced by him. Bao Zhao's unique style brought a proliferation of discussion in Chi and Liang Dynasties. There is a paragraph in Wen Xin Diao Long saying ＂a talented person nowadays learns literature deliberately. They learn mostly articles from Han and Song Dynasties.＂ Shi Pin mentions, ＂some skittish people mock Tsao and Liu as old-fashioned, while seeing Bao Zhao as a legend, and Xie Tiao as the one of the greatest of all time.＂ In Xiao Zi Xian's ＂History of Chi＂, he also wrote ＂Begins with harshness, goes on with risk, are the effects Bao Zhao has caused.＂ Apparently, Bao Zhao greatly influenced the literary world for decades. The influence was regarded as negative by commentators. This article can be separated into four steps. First, I'll focus on how ＂vulgar＂ and ＂danger＂ were being discussed, including how they integrate. Second, I'll discuss the relationship between Bao Zhao Yuefu poetry and ＂vulgar＂. Third, I'll discuss the relationship between Bao Zhao Landscape poetry and ＂danger＂. Last, I'll discuss the influences of Bao Zhao's style towards Chi and Liang Dynasties. Hopefully, I can further clarify how Bao Zhao was compared equally with Xie Lingyun and Yan Zhitui in the Yuanjia period, inclusive of how his unique style was constructed back then.

並列關鍵字

Shi Pin ； Bao Zhao ； Danger ； Vulgar ； Wen Xin Diao Long

參考文獻

李錫鎮LI, XI-ZHEN：〈論鮑照詩的評價及風格判斷問題——「休鮑」論、「險俗」說衍議〉“Reexamining the Criticism of Bao Zhao's Poems: The Ideas behind Xian Su, Xiu Bao and the Critical Stances They Engender”，《臺大中文學報》Bulletin of the Department of Chinese Literature National Taiwan University總第31期（2009年12月），頁103-105,107-146。

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徐國榮XU, GUO-RONG：〈鮑照詩歌「險俗」釋證〉”Bao Zhao Shi Ge ‘Xian Su' Shi Zheng”，《中國韻文學刊》Journal of Chinese Verse Studies 1997年第2期（1997年12月），頁60-64。

先秦‧莊子ZHUANG, ZI著，清．郭慶藩GUO, QING-FAN集釋：《莊子集釋》ZhuanZi Ji Shi（北京Beijing：中華書局Zhonghua Book Company，1961年）。

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「言險俗者，多以附照」－論鮑照詩歌的「險」與「俗」

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