社會保險的失敗從勞基法到勞工退休金條例

Failure in the Campaign for Social Security a Historical Review from Labor Standards Act to Labor Pension Act

陳政亮(Cheng-Liang Chen)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 79期 (2010/09) Pp. 5-50

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.201009.0002

摘要

本文企圖透過分析勞工退休制度改變的歷史過程，探索曾經在1990年代初期，由勞工運動支撐住的社會福利想像，何以在推動過程中逐漸失敗，最後讓位給新自由主義的個人自負風險論述，並在立法上形成了強制個人儲蓄制的勞工退休金條例。於此歷史書寫中，本文接合了三個面向的解釋，首先，在論述的面向上指出，當時的社會福利想像內在隱含了族群國族主義的邏輯，而當族群國族主義高漲時，其社會階級作為團結的號召便逐漸消失；從階級政治觀點出發則說明了，當國家與資本逐漸同盟的過程中，勞工運動仍陷於既有的企業廠場工會主義，無法發展出超越「會員身份」的認同與力量；最後，在個別行動者的層次上，則指明了社會福利的倡議者，如何為民進黨逐步收編，乃至於此左傾之社會理想與勞工運動漸漸脫節而失去動力。透過此分析，正可以看出新自由主義在台灣取得勝利的種種複雜且具體的歷史條件。

關鍵字

新自由主義 ； 社會福利 ； 社會保險 ； 勞工退休 ； 國族主義 ； 企業廠場工會

並列摘要

By analyzing the transformation from Labor Standards Act to Labor Pension Act, this article explores how the idea of social security failed to be materialized. The idea, sustained by the labor movement in the early 90's, was defeated by the Neoliberalism, in the way which 'individuals-in-market', rather than solidarity within working class, became the principle in the enactment of Labor Pension Act. Three different dimensions have been stressed to explicate this defeat. First of all, it shows that the idea of social security encompassed ethnic-nationalist imagination, an imagination with exclusion that jeopardized the fundamental of solidarity. Secondly, from the perspective of class politics, it pointed out that, while the state was forced to align itself with the capital, the labor movement failed to go beyond its own historical restriction of corporation-unionism and, as a result, lacked the power against the Neoliberalism. Finally, since DPP gained the power in 2000, some campaigners in the labor movement were, to some extent, incorporated into the regime whether deliberately or not, and disconnected themselves from the movement; as a result, the idea of social security lost its foundation, and played trivial role in the enactment of Labor Pension Act. Through this historical review, this article shows the various conditions of the Neoliberalist victory in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Neoliberalist ； social welfare ； social security ； labor pension ； nationalism ； corporation-unionism

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