Viruses of Legume Crops in Taiwan

發生於台灣豆類作物之病毒

張清安(C. A. Chang)

《植物病理學會刊》 2卷3期 (1993/09) Pp. 149-160

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199309_2(3).0006

摘要

由台灣較具經濟重要性之八種豆類作物中共分離得到九種不同病毒。此九種病毒中有菜豆普通嵌紋病毒(Bean common mosaic virus，簡稱BCMV)、黑眼豇豆嵌紋病毒(Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus，簡稱BlCMW)、豇豆蚜媒嵌紋病毒(Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus,簡稱CAMV)、花生斑紋病毒(Peanut mottle virus，簡稱CAMV)、花生斑紋病毒(Peanut mottle viurs，簡稱PMoV)、豌豆種媒嵌紋病毒(Pea seed-borne mosaic virus，簡稱PSBMV)、花生條斑病毒(Peanut stripe virus，簡稱PStV)及大豆嵌紋病毐(Soybean mosaic virus，簡稱SMV)等七種屬於馬鈴薯Y群病毒(Potyviruses)。另外有一種屬於Cucumoviruses群之胡瓜嵌紋病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus，簡稱CMV)及一種屬於Geminiviruses群之綠豆黃化嵌紋病毒(Mungbean yellow mottle virus，簡稱MYMV)。在紅豆上共發現BCMV、PStV、BlCMC及CMV等四種病毒存在，其中以BlCMV之發生最為普遍。危害豇豆之病毒自1983起共發現BlCMC、CMV及CAMV等三種。其中BlCMC若與CMV發生複合感染則會形成嚴重的皺葉嵌紋病徵，對豇豆生育影響極大。本省菜豆受病毒危害知情形極為輕微，截至目前僅有CMV一種病毒被發現，但其發生不甚普遍。在綠豆上則有BlCMV、CMV、PStV及MYMV等四種病毒曾經被報告過，但其危害程度亦仍輕微。本省碗豆被病毒感染之情形極為普遍，最常見之病毒為具有高度種子傳毒能力之PSBMV，另外CMV及PMoV亦均曾被發現有危害碗豆情形。在花生上PMoV乃最早被發現之病毒但其危害輕，分布也不廣，而近年來所發現之PStV則危害較劇，分佈亦較普遍。在大豆上共曾分離到SMV、PStV及PMoV等三種病毒，其中以前者發生最為普遍。上述九種病毒除MYMV外，其基本特性資料包括寄主範圍與反應，鑑別寄主種類，理化性質，血清類緣關係，細胞內含體形態及傳播方式等均已建立完成並詳述於本文中。經由種子帶毒傳播乃豆類病毒之共有特性，此特性並被認為是豆類病毒於田間流行之主要原因。

關鍵字

豆類作物 ； 病毒病害 ； 病毒鑑定

並列摘要

Legume crops of economic importance in Taiwan include peanut, vegetable soybean, soybean, adzuki bean, pea, kidney bean, mungbean, and common bean. Nine different viruses have been detected from these crops. They are bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CAMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), mungbean yellow mottle virus (MYMV), peanut mottle virus (PMoV), pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSBMV), peanut stripe virus (PStV) and soybean mosaic virus (SMV). In Adzuki beans, BCMV, PStV, BlCMV, and CMV were isolated in 1990, with BICMV being the most prevelent one. Three viruses including BICMV, CMV and CAMV were detected from asparagus beans in 1983. Mixed infection of this bean with BICMV and CMV resulting a severe ＂rugose mosaic＂ disease, was frequently found. In common beans, CMV is the only virus isolated up to now. Three different viruses namely BICMV, PStV, and CMV were detected from mungbeans in 1986. PSBMV was first isolated from pea in 1989 and has become the most widespread virus in pea fields ever since. Two other viruses attacking peas are CMV and PMoV. PMoV was first documented in Taiwan early in 1978 as a causal agent of peanut mottle disease. Recently PStV was also found in peanut fields to induce severe mosaic, stunt and necrosis symptoms. In soybeans, SMV, PStV and PMoV were detected. Among the nine legume viruses, CMV belongs to cucumovirus group, MYMV is a geminivirus while others are all potyviruses. Properties including mode of transmission, differential host systems, serological properties of capsid proteins and cylindrical inclusion proteins of these legume viruses have been established. These information are useful for virus disease diagnosis. Most of these legume viruses have been reported to be seed-borne. Except MYMV which is transmitted persistently by whiteflies, all eight other viruses are transmissible mechanically and by aphids with non-persistent manner. Virus-infected seeds are believed to be the major primary inoculum sources of legume viruses in the fields. Epidemics of legume virus diseases usually occurs through the assistance of insect transmission.

並列關鍵字

legume crops ； legume viruses ； virus