土壤添加金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥紓解拉草毒傷豌豆幼苗的效應

Effect of soil amended with spent gold en mushroom compost on alleviating phytotoxicity of alachlor to seedlings of garden peas

黃振文(J. W. Huang) ； 胡建國(C. K. Hu) ； 曾德賜(D. D. Tzeng) ； 黃錦河(K. H. Huang)

《植物病理學會刊》 4卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 76-82

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199506_4(2).0004

摘要

土壤中殘留的拉草可引起豌豆(台中十一號)主根與側根褐變壞死及生長受阻。在含有拉草5ppm的土壤中，分別均勻拌入1% (w/w)的金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥、木耳太空包廢棄堆肥、菜仔粕、煙渣、雞糞、蝦蟹殼粉、篦麻粕、矽酸爐渣與甘油等添加物後，發現僅有金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥具有顯著紓解拉草毒傷豌豆根系的功效。土壤添加金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥的比例由0增至5% (w/w)時，豌豆根系遭受拉草毒傷的百分率呈現逐漸減少的趨勢；尤其在添加金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥比例達5% (w/w)時，豌豆根系已可完全免於拉草的毒傷，並使豌豆植株的生長趨於正常。利用氣相層析儀偵測土中拉草的殘留量時，發現金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥可使土中拉草殘留量的下降率顯著較對照未添加者快速；惟拉草在滅過菌的土壤中添加滅菌的金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥時，其殘留量的下降率遠少於未滅菌的對照組。金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥可在含5 ppm拉草的土壤中，大量促進土壤中真菌與細菌族群的增殖。其中尤以Penicillium spp.、Aspergillus spp.、Coenocytic fungi及Bacillus spp.等菌類的出現頻率較高。在出現率較高的九菌株中，Bacillus spp.的B-109與B-113菌株及Penicillium sp.的F-108菌株具有顯著保護豌豆根系免於拉草毒傷的效果。

關鍵字

殺草劑 ； 拉草 ； 土壤添加物 ； 金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥 ； 土壤微生物

並列摘要

The tap and lateral roots of garden pea seedlings (cv. Taiehung 11) could be significantly injured and inhibited by alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'- diethyl-N-(methoxy-methyl) acetanilide) at 5 ppm in the soil. Nine soil amendments i. e. spent golden mushroom compost (SGMC), spent jew's ear mushroom compost, tobacco grounds, rape seed pomance, shrimp and crab shell meal, castor seed pomance, chichen manure, mineral ash (slag) and glycerine, were added (1%, w/w) individually to the soils which had been treated with 5 ppm alachlor. The SGMC alone was only markedly effective in reducing injury to root s of garden pea seedlings incited by alachlor. Increment of the SGMC amendment gradually reduced injury severity of roots of garden pea seedlings incited by alachlor, and at 5% (w/w) SGMC level no more injury could be observed. In addition, the SGMC amendment also promoted growth of the seedlings. Based on gas chromatography analyses, alachlor residue in soil amended with 5% SGMC decreased faster than that in nonamended soil. However, higher level of alachlor residue was maintained in autoclaved soil amended with sterilized SGMC compared to that in non autoclaved soil without amendment. The SGMC was able to stimulate proliferation of microbial populations, especially Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., coenocytic fungi and Bacillus spp. in alachlor- treated soils. Among nine predominant microorganisms obtained from amended soil. B-109 and B- 113 isolates of Bacillus spp. and F-108 isolate of Penicillium spp. were able to protect seedlings of garden peas from root injury by alachlor.

並列關鍵字

Herbicide ； alachlor ； soil amendmeny ； spent golden mushroom compost ； soil mlcroorgamsms