菇包廢料堆肥不同施用量對有機栽培落花生產量與種仁一般成分之影響

Effects of Different Application Rate Treatments of Spent Mushroom Compost on Kernel Chemical Composition and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Organic Cultivation

孫馨怡(Sin-Yi Sun) ； 馮淑慧(Shu-Huei Ferng) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《土壤與環境》 15卷1&2期 (2012/12) Pp. 33-51

https://doi.org/10.30058/SE.201212.0003

摘要

本研究於100年2月（春作）及8月（秋作）以落花生臺南14號及黑仁花生兩品種為材料，試驗堆肥基質以菇類太空包廢料為主，再分別與（A）雞糞及（B）牛糞混合組成二種配方經發酵堆製成之堆肥，目的探討落花生有機栽培施用三種不同用量（低（1500kg/ha）、中（3000 kg/ha）、高（4500 kg/ha））及不施肥處理對落花生產量及種仁一般成分之影響，並與慣行栽培作比較。試驗結果顯示：不同堆肥用量處理對春秋兩作落花生鮮莢果產量及種子產量皆具顯著影響；在種仁成分方面，除粗蛋白質含量不受影響之外，水分、灰分、粗脂肪及碳水化合物含量在春秋兩作皆受堆肥與施用量而有所影響。此外，有機栽培落花生產量普遍較不施肥處理為高，但與慣行栽培相較則較低，然而春作黑仁花生品種在中施用量處理之產量與慣行栽培相近；一級種子百分率方面，有機栽培之臺南14號品種在春作的表現均較慣行栽培高；春作兩品種在兩種有機堆肥試驗中，粗脂肪含量皆較慣行栽培高；秋作兩品種在兩種堆肥試驗中，臺南14號碳水化合物含量較慣行栽培高，黑仁花生則是粗蛋白質含量較慣行栽培高。

關鍵字

落花生 ； 菇包廢料堆肥 ； 有機栽培 ； 施用量處理

並列摘要

Field experiments of peanuts Tainan NO. 14 and Black Kernel peanut were conducted in February and August for spring and fall crops in 2011. The spent mushroom composts used in this experiment were fermented compost from piling mushroom waste with (A) chicken manure and (B) cattle manure. The objective of this research was to assess the effects of three application rates (low (1500 kg/ha), middle (3000 kg/ha) and high (4500 kg/ha)) of spent mushroom compost and no fertilization on yields and chemical composition of peanuts by organic cultivation, then compared with common cultivation. The results are as follows: Compost with different application rate treatments has significant effects on fresh pod yield and seed yield in spring and fall crops. In terms of chemical composition, moisture, ash, crude fat and carbohydrate contents in spring and fall crops are affected by composts and application rate treatments except crude protein content. Besides, the yield of peanut by organic cultivation with fertilization is generally higher than that with control (no fertilization), but lower than that by common cultivation. However, both of the two compost treatments in spring crop, the yield of Black Kernel peanut with middle application rate treatment has been similar to that by common cultivation. In terms of rate of first grade seed, the cultaivar Tainan NO. 14 in spring crop by organic cultivation is higher than that by common cultivation. Both of the two organic compost treatments in spring crop, crude fat contents of the two cultivars by organic cultivation are higher than that by common cultivation; both of the two organic compost treatments in fall crop, carbohydrate contents of Tainan NO. 14 by organic cultivation are higher than that by common cultivation, moreover, protein contents of Black Kernel peanut by organic cultivation is higher than that by common cultivation.

並列關鍵字

Peanut ； Spent mushroom compost ； Organic cultivation ； Application rate treatments