接種根瘤菌與叢枝菌根菌搭配不同量稻殼生物炭及有機質肥料對土壤性質、紅豆生育及產量之影響

紅豆 (Vigna angularis) 為台灣南部秋冬季裡作的重要經濟作物，隨著氣候極端變化與生育期間飽受病蟲之危害，加上生產成本高且產量較不穩定，致使有機栽培紅豆面臨許多困難。有機資材經低氧高熱裂解碳化後所產生之物質，稱為「生物炭」。生物炭的功能為改善土壤理化性質，促使植株生長較佳與提高作物產量，多孔隙之特性不但能保水與保肥，亦能提供微生物棲息地。本試驗目的為藉由稻殼生物炭作為土壤改良劑，並搭配有機質肥料用量與接種根瘤菌與菌根菌探討對土壤性質、紅豆生育及產量之影響。試驗處理為接種根瘤菌與菌根菌搭配施用不同量稻殼生物炭 (0 % 、2 % 、4 % 與8 % (w/w)) 與不同量有機質肥料 (含氮為45 kg ha-1、90 kg ha-1與180 kg ha-1)。結果顯示隨著稻殼生物炭用量增加可顯著降低土壤總體密度，並改善土壤田間含水量，提高土壤pH值、EC值、有機質、Bray-1-P、交換性鉀、鈣與鎂含量，其中以土壤交換性鉀含量提升效果較明顯。施用有機質肥料用量為180 kg ha-1顯著提高土壤理化性質，而接種根瘤菌處理則顯著提高土壤總無機態氮含量；接種菌根菌處理增加土壤磷有效性之含量。於植株乾物重以稻殼生物炭用量4 % 處理顯著高於其他稻殼生物炭處理，反之施用8 % 稻殼生物炭用量處理僅提高約6 %。有機質肥料用量180 kg ha-1之處理亦顯著提高植株乾物重，接菌處理則無顯著差異。紅豆產量與產量構成因子結果亦顯示4 % 與8 % 稻殼生物炭處理用量顯著高於對照組，總產量分別提高75 % 與53 %，但有機質肥料用量與接菌間皆無顯著差異。綜合上述，增加稻殼生物炭、有機質肥料用量與接種根瘤菌與叢枝菌根菌之應用的確能改善土壤理化性質，並以4 % 之稻殼生物炭用量搭配有機質肥料用量180 kg ha-1與單一接種菌根菌為最佳處理。

關鍵字

土壤肥力；土壤改良劑；有益微生物；土壤總體密度

並列摘要

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) is important cash crop produced by autumn and winter in southern Taiwan. With extreme changes in climate and plant diseases and pest control during growth, coupled with high production costs and unstable production, facing many problems in organic production of adzuki beans. Organic materials are produced by carbonization of low-oxygen and high-temperature pyrolysis, called "biochar". The function of biochar is to improve soil physical and chemical properties, promote better plant growth and increase crop yield. Porous characteristics not only retain water and fertilizer, but also provide microbial habitat. The purpose of this experiment was to use rice husk biochar as a soil amendment, combined with application rate from organic fertilizer and inoculation with rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungi on soil properties, adzuki bean plant growth and yield. The experiment treatments were to inoculate rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with application rates of rice husk biochar (0 %, 2 %, 4%, and 8% (w / w)) and N application rates of organic fertilizer (45 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1 and 180 kg ha-1). The results showed that with the increase of rice husk biochar, it could significantly reduce the soil bulk density, improve the soil moisture content of field capacity, increase soil pH, EC, organic matter, Bray-1-P, exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, the effect of increasing the exchangeable potassium content of soil was more obvious. The application of organic fertilizer at 180 kg ha-1 significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties, while inoculation with rhizobium significantly increased soil inorganic nitrogen content; inoculation with mycorrhizal bacteria increased soil phosphorus availability. The dry matter weight of adzuki bean plants with 4% rice husk biochar was significantly higher than that of other rice husk biochar treatments, whereas the use of 8 % rice husk biochar increased only about 6%. The N application of 180 kg ha-1 from organic fertilizer also significantly increased the dry weight of the plant, but there was no significant difference in the treatment of inoculation. The results of adzuki bean yield and yield components factors showed that 4% and 8% rice husk biochar treatments were significantly higher than that of the control treatment, and the total yield increased by 75% and 53% respectively, but there was no significant difference between the amount of organic fertilizer and inoculation treatments. In summary, the application of rice husk biochar, organic fertilizer and inoculation treatment with Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The best treatment is to use 4% rice husk biochar with 180 kg ha-1 from organic fertilizer and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.