農工廢棄物堆肥培育蔬菜幼苗與抑制菜苗根部病害的效果

Effect of composted agricultural and industrial wastes on the growth of vegetable seedlings and suppression of their root diseases

邱安隆(A. L. Chiu) ； 黃振文(J. W. Huang)

《植物病理學會刊》 6卷2期 (1997/06) Pp. 67-75

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199706_6(2).0004

摘要

在金針菇太空包堆肥(Spent golden mushroom compost, SGMC)、香菇太空包堆肥(spent forest mushroom compost, SFMC)與荷蘭泥炭苔(Bas Van Burren No.4 peat moss , BVB No.4)中，分別添加不同濃度的紙漿污泥(Papermill sludge，PMS)作爲培育西瓜、番茄、甘藍與甜椒幼苗的介質，結果發現在金針菇太空包堆肥中，添加10%或25%(v/v)以上的紙漿污泥時，分別不利於甜椒或甘藍幼苗的發育；若添加50%(v/v)以上的紙漿污泥時，則會顯著抑制西瓜與番茄幼苗的生長。在香菇太空包堆肥中，添加5%(v/v)紙漿污泥時，可顯著提高西瓜與甜椒種苗的鮮重；然而添加50% (v/v)以上的紙漿污泥時，西瓜、番茄、甘藍與甜椒的生育均明顯受阻。此外，在荷蘭泥炭苔中，隨著紙漿污泥添加濃度的增加，西瓜、番茄、甘藍與甜椒等種苗的鮮重，均呈現逐漸遞減的趨勢。將75% (v/v)金針菇太空包堆肥(SGMC) 香菇太空包堆肥(SFMC)與荷蘭泥炭苔(BVB)，分別加入25% (v/v)紙漿污泥(PMs)後，均匀調製成SGMC75、SFMC75與BVB75等介質:隨後將西瓜蔓割病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum)、十字花科蔬菜根瘤病菌(Plasmodiophora brassicae)、甘藍黃葉病菌(F. oxyspo- rum f. sp. conglutinans)、立枯絲核菌(Rhizoctonia solani AG-4)、南方根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)及根腐病菌(Pythium myriotylum)分別接種於SGMC，SGMC75，SFMC，SEMC75，BVB，BVB75與PMS等七種介質後，隨即播種西瓜、番茄、甘藍與甜椒種子，發現SGMC，SGMC75，SFMC，SFMC75及PMS等五種介質均具有顯著抑制西瓜蔓割病，甘藍苗根瘤病與西瓜、番茄、甘藍及甜椒根瘤線蟲病等之功效，其中SFMC介質兼具抑制甘藍黃葉病發生的效果。此外，SFMC與SFMC75介質尚可抑制番茄根腐病的發生。然而，上述七種介質均不具有降低甘藍、甜椒與西瓜立枯病發生的效果。

關鍵字

農業廢棄物 ； 紙漿污泥 ； 栽培介質 ； 菜苗根部病害

並列摘要

Three agricultural and industrial wastes including spent forest mushroom compost (SFMC) pent golden mushroom compost (SGMC), and papermill sludge (PMS) were used to formu- late culture media for the cultivation of watermelon, tomato, pepper and cabbage seedlings. SFMC or SGMC mixed with 5-25% (v/v) PMS was optimal for growth of vegetable seedlings. However, SFMC or SGMC mixed with 50% (v/v) PMS was unfavorable to grow the vegetable seedlings and significantly reduced their fresh weight. SFMC, SGMC and BvB No.4 were respectively mixed with 25% PMs to formulate culture media of SFMC75, SGMC75 and BVB75. The culture media of SFMC, SFMC75, SGMC, SGMC75, BVB No.4, BVB75 and PMs were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f sp. niveum, Plasmodiophora brassicae, F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, Meloidogyne incognita and Pythium myriotylum, respectively. Then the germinating seeds of watermelon tomato, pepper and cabbage were respectively sown in those media in the greenhouse. The results indicated that SGMC, SGMC75. SFMC, SFMC75 and PMs media, except for BvB No.4 and BvB 75, were effective to inhibit the occurrence of watermelon fusarial wilt, cabbage clubroot, root-knot nematode diseases of watermelon, tomato and pepper and Pythium root rot of tomato and watermelon. However, those media were not able to suppress Rhizoctonia damping-off of cabbage, watermelon, and pepper.

並列關鍵字

Agriculture wastes ； papermill sludge ； culture media ； root pathogens of vegetable seedlings