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Effect of Soil Treatment of Fungal Agents on Control of Apothecia of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in Canola and Safflower Fields

土壤處理真菌防治油菜與紅花田之菌核病菌產生子囊盤的效果

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摘要


在油菜及紅花田裡採用土壤處理的方式,比較五種真菌(包括Coniothyrium minitans, Talaromyces flavus, Trichothecium roseum, Trichoderma virens及Epicoccoum purpurascens)防治菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)之菌核發芽與產生子囊盤(apothecia)的效果。從西元1993及1994兩年的試驗結果顯示,在油菜及紅花田理處理超寄生菌C. minitans,均可顯著降低菌核的發芽率與減少子囊盤的形成數目。惟Talaromyces flavus僅於1994年紅花田造成菌核發芽率及子囊盤形成數目顯著地下降;至於其他三種真菌卻沒有防治的效果。這項試驗証明,在油菜或紅花作物覆蓋情況下,用C. minitans處理田間土壤,可以有效地減少菌核病菌產生子囊盤及子囊孢子(ascospores)。所以在加拿大西部的環境下,用土壤處理C. minitans的方式可有效防治油菜菌核病及紅花爛頭病。

並列摘要


A two-year field study was conducted to determine the effects of fungal agents on control of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum when applied as soil treatment in canola and safflower fields. Among the five fungal species tested, Coniothyrium minitans was the most effective biocontrol agent for reducing carpogenic germination of sclerotia and production of apothecia of S. sclerotiorum under the canopies of canola and safflower, wheras Talaromyces flavus was only effective under the canopy of safflower. Soil treatment with Trichothecium roseum, Trichoderma virens or Epicoccum purpurascens did not cause a significant reduction on apothecial production under the canopy of either canola or safflower. The study suggects that soil treatment with fungal biocontrol agents such as C. minitans is an effective method for reducing the production of ascospores of S. sclerotiorum in canola and safflower fields, and thereby reducing incidence of sclerotinia stem rot of canola and sclerotinia head rot of safflower on the western Canadian prairies.

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