應用覆蓋栽培介質防治Rhizoctonia solani所引起之小白菜立枯病

Application of potting soil covering on controlling Chinese cabbage damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani

柯元婷(Yuan-Ting Ko) ； 王智立(Chih-Li Wang) ； 鍾文全(Wen-Chaun Chung) ； 鍾文鑫(Wen-Hsin Chung)

《植物病理學會刊》 24卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 107-117

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201506_24(2).0004

摘要

立枯絲核菌Rhizoctonia solani AG4可引起多種作物苗期猝倒病、生育期根部病害及為害胚軸，導致作物的嚴重損失。為比較台灣市售栽培介質抑制小白菜立枯病效果之差異與可能抑病機制，本研究以市售栽培介質於玻璃管柱內進行測試。將介質覆蓋不同厚度於含立枯絲核菌RST04之感染土上，得知有覆蓋介質時可降低小白菜立枯病的發生，且隨覆蓋厚度增加而發病率有降低的趨勢，在溫室中試驗亦有相同情形。然不同介質降低病害能力差異甚大，為了解可能原因，在玻璃管柱內測試介質滅菌與否對小白菜立枯病發病之影響，結果得知供試介質經滅菌後防病效果明顯降低，因此推論微生物可能為覆蓋栽培介質抑制小白菜立枯病發生的重要因子之一。將介質、覆蓋厚度及滅菌與否三因子進行分析得知，三因子皆影響小白菜立枯病發病。將Trichoderma屬TN3 與Tri01菌株混合不同市售栽培介質後，得知該兩菌株可降低立枯病發生之嚴重度，然各介質間之效果有差異。於溫室實驗指出，未滅菌之Stender Peat（G）與GRAMOFLOR 6040Tri01廠牌介質混合TN3或Tri01菌株，並覆蓋3 cm時，較其他處理效果佳。

關鍵字

小白菜 ； 立枯絲核菌 ； 拮抗微生物 ； 栽培介質 ； 覆蓋厚度

並列摘要

Rhizoctonia solani AG4 is a widespread and destructive plant pathogen causing seedling damping-off and early root/hypocotyl damage to many crops. The efficacy of commercial potting soil covering on disease control and the possible mechanisms were investigated by the glass tube method in lab and the control trials in greenhouse condition. The results showed that the higher thickness of potting soil covering was more effective in inhibition of the damping-off of non-head Chinese cabbage. However, the control abilities varied between different commercial potting soils. Comparing the effect of sterilization and non-sterilization on controlling non-head Cabbage damping-off, the commercial substrates were autoclaved. The results the ability of disease inhibition of potting soils was significantly reduced after sterilization, indicating antagonistic microorganisms might play an important role in disease control of non-head Chinese cabbage damping-off. Consequently, potting soils, covering thickness and microorganisms were three important factors that could influence the control of seedling damping-off. Trichoderma isolates TN3 and Tri01 were isolated and combined with different commercial potting soils to evaluate the control efficacy. As a result, the combinations of of Stender peat (G) or GRAMOFLOR 6040 mixed with TN3 or Tri01 with 3 cm thickness covering on infested soil obtained the best efficacy on control of the seedling damping-off.

並列關鍵字

Chinese cabbage ； Antagonistic microorganisms ； Rhizoctonia solani ； substrates ； Thickness