以花蓮地區工業廢棄物（花崗岩切削屑、蜆殼）摻雜於鹼礦渣水泥的研究

A Study of Hualien Industrial Wastes (Fine Granite Chips, Clam Shell) Mixed with Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete

紀堯馨(Yao-Hsin Chi) ； 傅彥培(Yen-Pei Fu)

《臺灣鑛業》 66卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 20-27

摘要

本研究主要以觀察工業廢棄物取代鹼性活化水泥漿體的物理與機械特性。實驗測試包含抗壓強度分析、水化度試驗與孔隙度實驗。爐石粉的鹼性激活劑使用氫氧化鈉水溶液、NaO2與SiO2質量比為0.33之矽酸鈉作為活化劑。工業廢棄物取代爐石粉之含量以1、5、10與20%為變數，並與100%爐石粉之漿體作比較。將試驗之特性進行相互比較，分析鹼性激活劑與工業廢棄物對於熔渣漿體的影響。實驗結果顯示，鹼性漿料當添加5M氫氧化鈉水溶液時，其強度表現不佳（14日，38.82MPa），其中在長時間下強度損失約15～20%（28日之後），但是，當以矽酸鈉與爐石粉質量比為0.3的比率添加矽酸鈉溶液作為鹼性激活劑時，發現能形成高強度的漿體（28日約58.17MPa）且在養護時強度穩定。此外，鹼性活化漿體中添加1%的花崗岩切削屑與1～20%的蜆殼粉時，發現其抗壓強度皆高於卜特蘭水泥之強度，其中以使用1%的蜆殼粉取代爐石粉所得到的效果最佳。漿體水化度為漿料反應的程度，通常以化學結合水來計算，由105℃與1,000℃的試體重量關係計算得出化學結合水。在不同的活化劑比率下，強度與水化度成正向關係，在達到最高強度之前。花崗岩切削屑取代爐石粉會導致水化度的下降，而蜆殼粉則不與爐石粉作反應。由於蜆殼廢棄物在花蓮地區產量龐大，如果能利用蜆殼而製造耐久性更好的混凝土，對於經濟與環境都有正面的影響。

關鍵字

爐石粉 ； 鹼性激活劑 ； 化學結合水

並列摘要

This study represents an investigation into physical and mechanical properties (degree of hydration, porosity and compressive strength) of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) produced from granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) with industrial wastes (fine granite chips and clam shell). Sodium hydroxide solution and liquid sodium silicate with 0.33 of modulus ratio (mass ratio of Na2O to SiO2 ) were used as alkaline activators to activate GBFS, and the dosage of industrial wastes was 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% . All those properties of AASC mentioned above were tested and compared with each other to understand the influence of alkaline activators and industrial wastes toward the slag paste.As a result, the AASC samples activated by 5M of sodium hydroxide showed poor mechanical performance (38.82 MPa for 14 days of curing) with strength losses (15-20%) occurred in the long curing term (more than 28 days). For sodium silicate, AASC samples with 0.3 of mass ratio of sodium silicate to GBFS possess high strengths (58.17 MPa for 28 days of curing) and stability. The AASC specimens with 1% fine granite chips and 1-20% clam shell were found to have higher compressive strength than ordinary portland cement, and sample with 1% of clam shell addition has the highest strength.The degree of hydration of concrete paste is related to chemically bonded water which was calculated from the weight change between 105℃ and 1,000℃ of thermal treatment. According to the result, it was observed that both compressive strength and the degree of hydration are related to the dosage of alkaline activator. On the other hand, the addition of granite chips in GBFS causes a reduction in hydration, but it has no effect on the clam shell added sample.Since clam shell wastes are available in vast amounts in Hualien, resource recycling of these materials in the production of more durable concrete is economical and sustainable to the environment.

並列關鍵字

GBFS ； alkaline activator ； chemically bonded water