回收再利用廢瓷磚調質廢矽藻土製備功能型保水性多孔陶瓷之特性研究

Characteristics of Functional Water-Retaining Porous Ceramics Prepared from Waste Diatomite and Waste Ceramics Tile

林玫妤(Mei-Yu Lin) ； 劉晏君(Yan-Jun Liu) ； 張媁晴(Wei-Qing Zhang) ； 黃佳瑩(Jia-Ying Huang) ； 林凱隆(Kae-Long Lin)

《臺灣鑛業》 74卷1期 (2022/03) Pp. 33-43

摘要

本研究係再利用廢矽藻土做為基材，並以廢陶瓷依不同比例（0～40%）取代廢矽藻土，再將粉體加壓製坯，於不同燒結溫度（1,000～1,200℃），燒製功能型保水性多孔陶瓷。以巨觀檢測其是否達JIPEA日本連鎖砌塊路面技術協會之規範標準（抗壓強度＞3MPa），輔以XRD及FTIR等精密儀器探討燒製過程之晶相結構變化。實驗結果顯示，各材料之重金屬TCLP溶出值皆符合法規標準。當燒結溫度上升至1,200℃，廢陶瓷取代量為0～40%時，其體積收縮率分別為3.67、4.60、6.06、8.22及9.77%；其孔隙率分別為62.25、58.07、52.26、39.22及29.67%；抗壓強度分析顯示，燒結溫度達1,200℃時，抗壓強度較其他燒結溫度為高。操作因子與機械特性之關連性分析結果顯示，其燒結溫度越高，緻密程度增加，功能型保水性多孔陶瓷之密度也越高，其抗壓強度則越強。XRD圖譜分析結果顯示，在各燒結溫度及取代量為0～40%之主要晶相以方英石晶相為主。經保水性能分析，其t_(1/2)值隨燒結溫度及取代量增加而減少，範圍介於4.1－17.3小時，具緩慢之脫水性。本研究之最佳操作條件為：以廢陶瓷取代量為30%於燒結溫度為1,050℃時，其性質符合JIPEA日本連鎖砌塊路面技術協會之規範標準（抗壓強度＞3MPa），並符合日本保水性鋪裝材料規範之保水量（＞0.15g/m^2），故廢矽藻土及廢陶瓷具100%資源化再利用作為功能型保水性多孔陶瓷之潛力。

關鍵字

廢矽藻土 ； 廢陶瓷 ； 多孔陶瓷 ； 燒結 ； 保水性能

並列摘要

In this investigation, the following operating conditions are applied to developing functional water-retaining porous ceramics; a sintering temperature of 1,000~1,200℃, and a percentage of waste ceramics tile in waste diatomite of 0~40%. The chemical composition and physical characteristics of the functional water-retaining porous ceramics were measured by using standard methods approved from the standard of Japan Interlocking Block Pavement Engineering Association (compressive strength＞3MPa). Finally, their crystalline phase and mineral composition of functional water-retaining porous ceramics are determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The TCLP leaching concentrations for the heavy metals in the waste diatomite and the waste ceramics tile met the current regulatory thresholds of the Taiwan EPA. When the amount of waste ceramics tile was increased from 0% to 40%, the volume shrinkage of the functional water-retaining porous ceramics was 3.67%, 4.60%, 6.06%, 8.22% and 9.77%, respectively. When the amount of waste ceramics tile was increased from 0% to 40%, the porosity of the functional water-retaining porous ceramics was 62.25%, 58.07%, 52.26%, 39.22% and 29.67%, respectively. The compressive strength of the functional water-retaining porous ceramics increased when the heating temperature increased from 1,000℃ to 1,200oC. These structures revealed a correlation between the mechanical characteristics and sintering temperature for functional water-retaining porous ceramics, in which sintering temperature increases in conjunction with density and compressive strength. When the temperature reached 1,000℃ or 1,200℃, all of the quartz in the functional water-retaining porous ceramics that contained the waste ceramics tile was converted to cristobalite, which became the major phase. This crystallization is crucial because cristobalite has a substantially larger chemical and thermal stability, compared with amorphous silica. The functional water-retaining porous ceramics had t_(1/2) values of approximately 4.1-17.3 hours exhibited excellent slow water-releasing properties. When the heating temperature reached 1,050℃, the porous ceramic samples containing 30% waste ceramics tile exhibited favorable compressive strength (＞3MPa) and excellent slow water-releasing properties (＞0.15 g/m^2). In summary, the formation of functional water-retaining porous ceramics from waste ceramics tile and waste diatomite appears to be a promising means of recycling 100% of these residues and enables their conversion into materials with favorable technological and environmental properties that can potentially be used as construction materials.

並列關鍵字

waste diatomite ； waste ceramics ； porous ceramics ； sintering ； water retention