國防發明保密法制之研究

現今國防科技必須要借重民間科技能量發展，於此情況下，激勵民間投入國防研發乃當務之急。本文認為若要藉由專利制度提升國防發明技術，須從國防發明保密的限制與特殊保障兩面向著手，以將窒礙降至最低。本研究先界定國防發明之概念，釐清國防發明的特徵，引出其中最為特殊之保密性進行探討，並介紹保密專利權制度與專利申請保密制度的區別；接著再導入美國及中共法制，主要分為專利保密、國家機密及營業秘密三個範疇並與我國法制檢討比較以明確我國法制之不足；末對我國國防發明保密機制予以具體建議，並推論出獨立出國防發明專利權之必要性、具體範圍及其在專利法之地位與特殊性；最後對於專利法第51條之保密審查及保密義務部分提出修法建議，並進而建議我國應於專利法制下增設國防發明之特殊規定。

關鍵字

國防發明；國家機密；營業秘密；專利保密

並列摘要

Nowadays, national defense science and technology must rely heavily on the development of non-governmental science and technology. In this case, it is imperative to encourage private investment in national defense research and development. This article thinks that if the patent system is used to upgrade the technology of national defense inventions, it is necessary to start with the classified restrictions and special safeguards so as to minimize the obstacles. This study first defines the concept of national defense inventions, clarifies the characteristics of national defense inventions, elicites the most special confidentiality among them, and discusses the differences between the secret patent rights system and the patent application secrecy system. Then it introduces the legal system of the United States and China, PRC, mainly divided into three areas: patent secrets, national secrets, and trade secrets, and compare it with our legal system. Afterwards, it gave specific suggestions on the confidentiality mechanism of national defense inventions, and deduced the necessity, scope, and status of patents for national defense inventions and their special status in patent law. Finally, it proposes amendments to the secrecy review and confidentiality obligations for section 51 of the Patent Law, and further suggests that our country should supplement special provisions for national defense inventions under the patent legal system.

並列關鍵字

defense invention ； national secret ； trade secret ； patent secret

國際替代計量

國防發明保密法制之研究

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