加拿大油砂生產的新技術發展及應用

New Technology and Application in Oilsands Production

王淑麗(Shu-Li Wang) ； 李政誠(Jeng-Cheng Lee) ； 丁信修(Hsin-Hsiu Ting)

《石油季刊》 46卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 13-27

https://doi.org/10.30128/JP.201006.0002

摘要

加拿大油砂生產的現地熱採收法以蒸氣輔助重力驅油法（Steam AssistedGravity Draniange, 簡稱SAGD）為主，SAGD 是目前所有鑽井生產方式中，開採原始地下埋藏原油之採收率最高者，但SAGD 方法的採用要配合適當之油層條件，因此有許多最新發展的技術，以克服SAGD 方法的限制及增加採收率，如楔井(Wedge Well)採收技術、電加熱ET-DSPTM 操作方式、冷溶劑SAGD 採收、Oilsands Quest 混合熱採、OPTI Canada-整合OrCrude 及氣化方法、Petrobank 的THAI 方法等。THAI、ET-DSP、（SAGD+楔井），這三種技術都是會減少或完全不使用蒸汽來採收瀝青，可減少投資成本，並且不需大筆資金來建造改質廠，不過以THAI 及ET-DSP 技術來採收的方法，一直還沒有受到第三方評估公司之認定，但兩者明顯是有較佳的獲利，但由於該技術的生產模組壽命較短，須要有高的維修費用，總言之ET-DSP及THAI技術，起始費用較低但維護操作費用較高。

關鍵字

油砂 ； SAGD ； ET-DSP ； THAI

並列摘要

Among the in situ thermal production, SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) has been most widely used and has the highest production rate. As reservoir is very diversified, many latest disrupted technology are developed to solve the limitation of SAGD and increase production rate such as Wedge Wells, ET-Energy ET-DSP, Cold Solvent SAGD, Oilsands Quest Hybrid Thermal Extraction, OPTI Canada Combined OrCrude and Gasification, and Petrobank THAI. The three cutting-edge technologies including THAI, ET-DSP, and SAGD incorporating Wedge Wells reduce or eliminate the natural gas used to extract a barrel of bitumen, reduce relative capital intensity, and do not include the heavy upfront capital burden of constructing an upgrader. The recoverable reserve produced by either THAI or ET-DSP has not been fully endorsed by the third party until now. Hence these technologies, could be obviously more profitable, should be considered either experimental, or under development. In a nutshell, both ET-DSP and THAI have the lowest initial capital intensity, they have the highest sustaining capital requirements, due to the unique nature of the development and the short life of its extraction patterns.

並列關鍵字

Oilsands ； SAGD ； ET-DSP ； THAI