National mapping organization is the authorized agency of executing national mapping. There has only one national mapping organization in most countries. Its role was act as the mapping of national territory. Spatial information was derived and transformed largely from map data, that was indispensable part in the process of spatial management and decision-making in national development, then it is the main portion in national progress in all countries. There fore, the organization will be promoted to the core area, and be sustained by abundant resources to strengthen its functions, so the applications of geographic information systems would be effectively supported. At the present time, there has no truly national mapping organization in Republic of China (ROC), governmental mapping are prepared by separate agencies, The goal of this paper is based on the viewpoint of cartography to discuss the role and functions of national mapping organization, thus could know its importance well. This will be helpful in the setting up of our national mapping organization in the future .