北魏司馬金龍墓的漆畫屏風試析

A Study on the Painted Lacquered Screen from the Northern Wei Tomb of Sima Jinlong

謝振發(Cheng-Fa Hsieh)

《國立臺灣大學美術史研究集刊》 11期 (2001/09) Pp. 1-55+206

https://doi.org/10.6541/TJAH.2001.09.11.01

摘要

北魏司馬金龍墓出土的漆畫屏風是六朝時代重要的畫作之一。本文一方面是就繪畫的風格特徵，檢討漆畫屏風之於六朝畫史研究上的意義。另一方面，在全面地考釋出漆畫和題辭內容的基礎上，依據圖像之間的關連性，檢討五塊漆畫板的排列組成、說明屏風的圖像構成及其意義。漆畫屏風除了圖畫列女、賢臣、孝子、竹林七賢，還鈔錄許多訓誡文字，並且在屏風背面的末尾畫以「臨深履薄」一圖，殷切地叮囑戒慎警懼。在圖像的構成上，屏風正面的圖像是指涉對外的或公的行誼，背面則是有關個人自身的品行。無論是圖像的構成意涵、或是訓誡文字的內容，多與北魏的家訓、遺令相通，頗能呼應當時士族的生活倫理。因此，漆畫屏風很可能是司馬金龍生前置於座右朝夕惕勵的，而於太和八年（484）隨金龍一起埋入地下。

關鍵字

司馬金龍墓 ； 漆畫屏風 ； 北魏 ； 列女圖 ； 竹林七賢磚畫

並列摘要

The painted lacquered screen from the Northern Wei tomb of Sima Jinlong is an important specimen of Six Dynasties painting. The purpose of the present study is twofold: first, to discuss the development of Chinese painting during this period based on the Sima Jinlong screen; and second, to reconstruct the sequencing of the five painted lacquered fragments according to the interrelation of the images, and to examine the images' form and meaning with a comprehensive analysis of the pictorial contents and entailed cartouches. Besides depicting exemplary women, virtuous ministers, filial sons, and the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, the lacquered screen also contains many excerpted texts that are didactic, moralizing in nature. The ”Becoming Fragile upon Approaching the Deep” (linshen lüpo) episode at the very bottom of the screen's back, for instance, sincerely reminds the viewer of the virtue of conducting oneself with caution and discretion. Accordingly, images on the front side of the Sima Jinlong screen relates the ideals for public conduct, whereas those on the back concerns private cultivation. From the motivations behind the composition of the images to the contents of the moralizing texts, the screen admittedly embodied the Northern Wei family codes and instructions from the departed elders, which readily resonated with the living ethics of the elites of the time. Therefore, it is likely that the screen was placed next to a chair frequented by Sima Jinlong while he was still alive, more or less as a constant reminder of ideal conduct. It was then buried with its owner upon his death in the eighth year of the Taihe era (484).

並列關鍵字

Tomb of Sima Jinlong ； Painted lacquered Screen ； Northern Wei ； Lienü tu ； Painted tiles of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove

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