全球直接民主治理模式與創制複決投票系統分析

Global Governance Model on Direct Democracy and Systemic Analysis on Initiative and Referendum

李昌麟(Chang-Lin Li)

《法政學報》 26期 (2014/12) Pp. 24-46

摘要

本文主要研究直接民主治理模式：採鄒格等（Zogg,1996）所提出之直接民主治理模式〈半直接民主、半代表民主〉做研究架構設定與分析；並以艾蒙（Hamon,2006）所提出之七項檢視創制複決投票標準〈全國性投票入憲、強制性憲法複決、人民創制、一般任意性複決、特別任意性複決、民主制度歸類、全國性投票數量等〉，將歐洲19國家做比較歸納。同時對創制複決投票做量化系統分析：首先，依「歐洲創制複決研究機構」（Initiative & Referendum Institute Europe）指出，直至2010年，全國性投票已達1538件，遍佈於世界各洲，全球施行創制複決投票有愈來愈增多之趨勢；其次，探討全球施行創制複決投票愈來愈增多之原因；再依世界各國已施行全國性投票之最新數據，做系統分析〈如全國公民投票數量之擴增現象、各國分布之情形等〉。最後針對全球投票系統做比較：主要研究發現全球三種投票模式〈集權式、權力下放式、政黨式〉，及六大全國性投票系統〈丹麥系統、法國系統、義大利系統、瑞士系統、英式混合系統、拉丁美洲系統〉等。期待台灣創制複決投票能早日完成與全球投票系統接軌。

關鍵字

直接民主 ； 民主治理 ； 創制複決 ； 公民投票

並列摘要

This paper mainly studies the governance model on direct democracy: Use the governance model on direct democracy presented by Serge Zogg (Zogg, 1996: Semi-Direct Democracy and Semi-Representative Democracy), and make the establishment and analysis from its research structure. Then based on the examinations of the seven standards of initiative and referendum presented by Hamon (Hamon, 2006: national referendum into the Constitution, obligatory constitutional referendum, popular initiative, ordinary facultative referendum, extraordinary facultative referendum, democratic system categorization, national referendum volume etc), to make a comparison and classification for nineteen countries in Europe. In the meantime, analysis on the initiative and referendum voting systems: Firstly, according to the indication of ＂Initiative and Referendum Institute Europe＂, up to the year of 2010, the national referendum has reached to 1538 cases around all the continentals of the world, the tendency of the global practice on initiative and referendum is becoming more widespread. Secondly, discuss the reason why the global practice on initiative and referendum is becoming more widespread ? And do the systemic analysis according to the new data on the national voting practiced in the whole world (such as phenomenon shows that the volumes are highly increased on the national voting, spread situation for each country etc.). Finally, do the comparison on the global voting systems: Mainly discover on the research three voting models (centralization, decentralizaton, political party), and six national referendum systems (Denmark system, France system, Italy system, Switzerland system, British combination system, Latin America system etc). Expecting that Taiwan initiative and referendum could be early accomplished and connect global voting system.

並列關鍵字

Direct democracy ； governance on democracy ； initiative and referendum ； referendum