俄羅斯屬於歐洲嗎？－三篇俄、德學者論點之介紹

Does Russia Belong to Europe? Three Articles by Two Professors' Discourses

周雪舫(Hsien-Fang Chou)

《輔仁歷史學報》 15期 (2004/07) Pp. 315-347

https://doi.org/10.29439/FJHJ.200407.0002

摘要

自彼得大帝實行歐化以來，俄羅斯面臨未來發展方向的抉擇：維護白己獨特的文明，抑繼續向西方學習？始於1840年代斯拉夫派與西方派的論爭，至1920年代又有歐亞主義的主張，謂俄羅斯文化既不屬於歐洲文化，也不屬於亞洲文化，它兼備拜占庭文化、歐洲文化和蒙古草原文化的三種性質。蘇聯「重建」時期至今日俄羅斯有民主派和民族派的對抗，歐亞主義也再度興起，依然是圍繞舊議題的論爭。「俄羅斯屬於歐洲麼？」同時也是歐洲人的疑惑。在蘇聯解體後，「歐體』擴充其版圖至束歐諸國與前蘇聯加盟國，確定於2014年之前不考慮俄羅斯；而俄羅斯總統普丁亦於2000年6月宣佈未來十年內不提出加入歐盟的計劃。本文介紹俄、德二位歷史學者於2000-2002年發表的三篇文章，從中認識「俄羅斯概念」與「歐洲歷史意識」的同與異，以此回答「俄羅斯屬於歐洲麼？」。

關鍵字

斯拉夫派 ； 西化派 ； 歐亞主義 ； 俄羅斯概念 ； 克萊奧課程 ； 歐洲歷史意識

並列摘要

After Peter the Great to make Russia into a Western State, ”Whither Russia?” was a difficult choice to many Russian intelligentsia. They either defended with the unique civilization themselves, or to imitate western style again. During the 1840s, Russian intelligentsia debated about Russia’s relationship with the west. The Slavophiles rejected western influence, the Westernizers admired western culture. In 1920s, the formation of Eurasianism, the theory that Russia was neither Europe nor Asia, it included the Byzantium culture, the European culture and the Mongolia prairie culture. From the period of Perestroika till today Russian Federation, it had the Democrats versus Nationalists and Eurasianism to appear again. They still debated the old subject ”Does Russia belong to Europe?” The Europeans have the same doubts. European Union (EU) expands its domain gradually, Eastern European countries and the former Republics of USSR to add into the EU, but it will not consider Russia before 2014. Russian President Putin declared in the future ten years no plan for joining the EU. This article is about discourses of Russian and German professors, that what's the difference between ”the Russian idea” and ”European history consciousness”, on this account to reply to ”DOes Russia belong to Europe?”.

並列關鍵字

Slavophiles ； Westernizers ； Eurasianism ； the Russian Idea Lessons of Clio ； European Historical Consciousness

參考文獻

http://www.eurunion.org/states/home.htm （2004/7/4）

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巴納林(1993)。西歐主義者與歐亞主義者。社會科學與當代。1993(6)