美國川普政府南海政策的變與不變

The Changes and Continuities of Trump Administration's South China Sea Policy

唐志偉(Chih-Wei Tang)

《政治學報》 75期 (2023/06) Pp. 117-155

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.202306_(75).0004

摘要

本文主要目的在探究美國川普總統執政期間南海政策的變與不變，藉由比較研究探究川普與歐巴馬政府南海政策異同，結果發現川普政府改變的策略，包括（一）升高南海法律戰的層級、美國官方首次公開否認中共九段線主張；（二）建立自由開放的印太地區、更積極對抗中共南海崛起；（三）南海海域打臺灣牌牽制中共、支持預警雷達與建造潛艦；（四）增加美軍自由航行行動（Freedom of Navigation Operations, FONOP）次數與頻率、對抗中共南海島礁軍事化；（五）聯合東協與歐盟等盟友及夥伴、南海牽制中共相關作為都是美國南海政策中改變之處；但川普政府不變的策略，包括（一）堅持南海航行自由（Freedom of Navigation, FON）權利與無害通過權、維護美國國家戰略利益；（二）持續與盟友及夥伴經濟與軍備合作、維持現有國際秩序的規則等作為；最後，美國與中共南海爭端意味兩國間之競合，而川普政府南海政策的成效取決於印太戰略執行。

關鍵字

川普政府 ； 印太戰略 ； 南海政策 ； 歐巴馬政府

並列摘要

The topic is to study the changes and continuities of the US South China Sea policy during President Trump's administration. Through comparative research to explore the similarities and differences between the Trump administration's and the Obama administration's South China Sea policy, the results found the strategy and approach of the Trump administration's policy change. Including (1) Raising the level of the legal battle in the South China Sea, the US officially denied the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s nine-dash line claim for the first time. (2) Establishes a "free and open Indo- Pacific region" and is more active in confronting the rise of the CCP in the South China Sea. (3) Using the Taiwan card in the South China Sea to contain the CCP, supported early warning radars, and built the submarines. (4) Increase the number and frequency of the U.S. military Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOP) and counter the CCP's militarization of islands and reefs in the South China Sea. (5) Allies and partners such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union, and the South China Sea containment of the CCP are all changes in the US South China Sea policy. However, Trump's government continues the policies, including (1) Insisting on the South China Sea Freedom of Navigation (FON) rights and the right of innocent passage, and safeguarding the US national strategic interests. (2) Continuing to cooperate with allies and partners in economics and arms, and maintaining the existing international order. Finally, the dispute between the United States and the CCP in the South China Sea means a competitive relationship between the two countries, and the effectiveness of the Trump administration's South China Sea policy depends on the Indo-Pacific strategy.

並列關鍵字

Trump Administration ； Indo-Pacific Strategy ； South China Sea Policy ； Obama Administration

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