鋁暴露與毒性

Aluminum Exposure and Toxicity

林石化(Shih-Hua Lin) ； 林裕峰(Yuh-Feng Ling) ； 遲守華(Shoou-Hwa Chyr) ； 盧國城(Kuo-Cheng Lu)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 1卷2期 (1994/04) Pp. 21-26

摘要

鋁在環境中無所不在且為地球表面最豐富的金屬元素。肺部纖維化、氣喘、腦病變、脊髓小腦退化、皮膚微血管擴張症，肺癌和膀胱癌被報告與工業鋁暴露有密切關係。人類腸骨道對鋁吸收不佳，構成了保護鋁進入血液內的屏障。除非有大量服用含鋁的物質，否則鋁會進入血液而由腎臟排出。但是靜脈注射含鋁的溶液或使用鋁污染的透析用水，沒有經過腸骨道屏障，往往導致鋁中毒，如接受血液透析的尿毒患者或注射營養溶液的嬰兒或小孩。小球性貧血，易骨折性的骨軟骨症，腦病變為鋁中毒最常見的臨床表徵。雖然螫鋁劑（Desferrioxamine，DFO）可有效地移除體內過量鋁，改善鋁中毒症狀，儘量避免鋁暴露是預防鋁中毒的最佳途徑。

關鍵字

鋁

並列摘要

Aluminum has a ubiquitous distribution and is the most aboudant elementin the earth’s crust. Pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, encephalopathy, spinocerebellar degeneration, skin telangiectases, lung and bladder carcinoma have been reported to be related to industrial exposure. It is well recognized that the gastrointestinal tract represents a formidable and protective barrier to aluminum entry into the blood except when consuming large amount of aluminum-containing agents. However, it is very common that parenteral administration of aluminum as a contaminant of water used in hemodialysis and in parenteral solutions for nutritional support in infants bypasses the ga-strointestinal tract, leading to aluminum intoxication. Microcytic anemia, fracturing osteomalacia and encephalopathy are the most common manifestations in aluminum intoxication. Although desferrioxamine (DFO) serves as an effective drug to eradicate excessive burden of aluminum, avoid-ance of aluminum exposure as much as possible is the mainstay to prevent aluminum toxicity.

並列關鍵字

aluminum