北部某空軍基地一般勤務人員之噪音暴露及聽力損失情形

Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss in Ground-workers of the Air Base

林易申(I-Shen Lin) ； 王鍾慶(Chung-Ching Wang) ； 江昇達(Sheng-Ta Chiang) ； 吳立偉(Li-Wei Wu) ； 王映權(Ying-Chuan Wang) ； 劉紹興(Saou-Hsing Liou) ； 羅慶徽(Ching-Hui Loh)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 20卷2期 (2013/04) Pp. 85-100

摘要

目的：探討我國北部某空軍基地一般勤務人員聽力狀況，是否會受機場噪音影響受損。方法：本研究資料對象，主要以國軍北部某空軍基地一般勤務人員為研究對象，區分為接近噪音源工作者，如：督察人員、消防待命人員、飛航管制人員、專機待命人員及氣象中心等者，與遠離噪音源工作者，如：膳勤人員、人事主計行政人員、醫務勤務者、倉儲人員、車輛運輸人員及憲兵警戒人員間。並藉用結構式問卷調查、醫師進行耳道理學檢查及純音聽力計檢測等方式，分析聽力狀態是否存在差異及可能影響相關危險因子。統計方法包括描述性分析、卡方同質性檢定及平均數檢定分析。結果：此研究共收案255位受試者資料，排除問卷資料不全及未完成受檢者，實收案169位，其中男性共150位（88.8％），接近噪音源工作者為63位（37.2％）。兩組工作人員聽力檢查中，遠離噪音源工作者及接近噪音源工作者分別有3位（2.8%）及1位（1.6%）判定為職業性噪音聽力損失者，不具有顯著統計差異。但若依三分法平均聽力損失大於25分貝者視為聽力異常分析，則可見遠離噪音源工作組有明顯右耳低頻聽力異常（26.4%，p=0.035）與雙耳低頻聽力異常（17.9%，p=0.034）情形。且問卷資料分析結果，發現在生活習慣部分，接近噪音源工作組，對工作環境時常會感到吵雜（p＜0.000）及震動（p=0.005）情形，而遠離噪音源工作者，有較高比例會使用耳機聆聽音樂（經常使用者佔13.2%）及每日使用手機頻率超過2小時（佔37.7%）情形。同時在耳部防護具使用情形調查部分，在遠離噪音源工作者中，只有10.4%目前有使用噪音防護具，遠低於接近噪音源組中，有30.2%工作者會使用防護用具（p=0.001）。結論：本研究之結果發現，接近噪音源工作者，平時常注意噪音暴露情形而配戴噪音防護用具減少聽力損失。相反地，遠離噪音源工作者，則容易忽略環境噪音暴露而未配戴相關防護用具，加上長時間暴露娛樂性噪音環境，如：配戴耳道式隨身聽或長時間使用手機通話，反而造成低頻聽力受損情形。

關鍵字

聽力損失 ； 空軍 ； 娛樂性噪音 ； 地勤人員

並列摘要

Objective: To determine the influence factors of noise induced hearing loss in ground-workers of the Air force base in the Northern Taiwan. Methods: This cross-sectional study presents hearing loss status in the ground-workers of the Air force base from January 1st, 2011 to December 01st, 2011. All subjects were divided into the two groups by the distance of the main noise source. One is the ”near noise source” work group, such as subjects who work near airport runway, like: inspectors, firefighters, ATC personnel, plane staff and weather forecasters. The other subjects were identified as the ”away from noise source” work group, like: kitchen staff, administrative staff, medical staff, warehouse personnel, vehicle transport personnel, and Gendarme. The following evaluations, including structured questionnaire, physical examination of ear, and pure tone audiometry were enforced for examination processure. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Student’s T-test were performed for statistics. Results: There were totally 169 ground-workers including during collection period. The male accounted 150 persons (88.8 %) and the near noise group accounted 63 persons (37.2%). There were only four subjects classified to occupational hearing loss. The subjects of the near noise work group and the away from noise work group were one and three subjects respectively. The pure tone audiometry of low-frequency hearing loss of right ear (26.4%, p=0.035) and bilateral ears (17.9%, p=0.034) showed the proportion of away from noise work group had significant higher than the other group. In the other hand, the result of structured questionnaire showed subjects of near the noise work group often felt noisy (p＜0.000) and vibration (p=0.005) of workplace. And there were higher percentage of the subjects of the away from noise work group exposured to leisure-time noise, for instance, listening walkman (13.2%) and using cell phone (37.7%). However, there were only 10.4% (p=0.001) subjects of away from noise work group had using hearing protectors during working. Conclusion: The poor low-frequency hearing status of subjects of away from noise work group may be associated with leisure-time noise exposure and slighting attitude of hearing protectors.

並列關鍵字

Hearing loss ； Air force ； Leisure-time noise ； Ground-workers