臺東地區重要農產業人力資源活化之研究

Discussion on Labor Activation in the Important Agricultural Industry in Taitung Area

詹欽翔(Chin-Hsiang Chan)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 30輯 (2020/04) Pp. 79-92

摘要

臺東地區重要農產業季節性缺工現象嚴重，尤以番荔枝、鳳梨、茶葉、柑桔、金針菜等產業人力需求程度最高，每逢農忙期均有大量人力需求。勞動部於2015年推動「鼓勵國民從事農業工作就業獎勵試辦計畫」，於各縣市鄉鎮農會成立農事服務團，投入農事服務；另行政院農業委員會於2016年推出「改善農業季節性缺工2.0措施」計畫，啟用外役監工作服務，協助農事工作，以解決農業季節性缺工問題。本研究即針對臺東農事服務團及外役監農事服務團運作情形，進行深入訪談與質性分析，瞭解政策推動及施作效益。臺東農事服務團訪談對象包括雇主、人力仲介者、農會推廣人員等共計9位；外役監農事服務團訪談對象則為農場主、外役監管理者、外役監同學、農會推廣人員等共計12位。結果顯示，臺東農事服務團運作後，雖人力仲介業者或農會皆有足夠可供調度之人力，惟雇主卻仍反映存在缺工問題，係因勞雇雙方未能充分聯繫，造成人力資源無法有效應用；另雇主最在意的為人力資源之實用性與調度彈性。而外役監農事工作服務團運作後，雖多數雇主皆滿意其工作表現，然因成員人數及工作模式之限制而導致調度較無彈性，因此無法成為活化農業人力資源主要力量。建議未來應建立全臺性人力資源平臺，整合現有人力資源，投入完善的農事教育訓練，提升人力素質、建立良好的農業人才職能地圖以逐步解決農業季節性缺工之問題。

關鍵字

季節性缺工 ； 人力活化 ； 人力調度 ； 人力資源

並列摘要

The seasonal labor shortage is a serious problem in Taitung area, and it is necessary to rely on a large amount of manpower support during the busy period of agriculture. In order to solve the problem of labor shortage, the Ministry of Labor promoted the ＂Encourage Nationals to Work in Employment Awards for Agricultural Work＂ program in 2015, and establish a Farm Service Group in rural area, assisted by Farmers' Association. In addition, the Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan launched the ＂Measures for Improving the Seasonal labor shortage in Agriculture 2.0＂ in 2016, and assigned the Prison Open Supervisory Agricultural Service Group to assist in the work of agriculture to solve the problem of seasonal shortage of agriculture. This study is to do in-dept interviews and qualitative analysis of the operation mode and working conditions of the Farm Service Group and the Prison Open Supervisory Agricultural Service Group, to understand the benefits of policy promotion and implementation and to provide suggestions for improvement. The research results show that the Farm Service Group policy section, although the human resources agency or Farmers' Association consider that the dispatchable manpower is sufficient, the employer still feel the problem of lack of manpower, because the labor and employment parties are not closely linked, resulting the human resources can't be used effectively. In addition, the most concern for employers is human resource practicality and scheduling flexibility in order to solve the seasonal shortage problem effectively. In the policy part of the Prison Open Supervisory Agricultural Service Group, although most employers are satisfied with their performance, they have limited effect due to the number of members of the service group and the working mode, so they can't be used as the main force to solve the seasonal labor shortage. It is recommended that establish a wide human resources platform, integrating all the human resources, and planning a perfect education and training model, controlling the quality of personnel strictly, establishing a good map of agricultural competence to solve the problem of seasonal shortages effectively.

並列關鍵字

Seasonal labor shortage ； Labor activation ； Labor dispatch ； Human resource