《詩經•皇矣》新探

歷來對《詩經•皇矣》詩旨有「美文王」、「美周朝諸王」或「美王季」等三種不同的解說，此文以為此皆由於對第二章「天立厥配，受命既固」的真正意涵未能準確掌握所致。故此文依據出土文字、古籍資料以及詩歌文意脈絡，對第二章「天立厥配」一詞作考釋與推測。首先考釋「配」字，發現西周以前之文獻皆將「配」字用作配天之意，故而確定「天立厥配」當是「以君配天」之意；接著考釋「天立」一詞，作出「天立」即「天位」的推論。「天位」有四種涵意，並以為這四種涵意應有同源分化之發展引伸的關係，因此「天立厥配」之本字當作「天位厥配」。而〈皇矣〉真正意旨乃記述文王於岐山之上建造祭天壇位，行配天受命大典的活動，而整首詩歌所欲表達之主題，皆是圍繞著天位受命配天而作，敘述受天之命的文王，在上帝的指導之下，藉由配天之君權神授的宗教信念，奠定周朝的實力，收服天下方國人心，進而促成武王伐紂大業的完成。

關鍵字

詩經；皇矣；天立厥配；天位

並列摘要

Shi Jing ”Huang Yi” is one of the six history poems written by the people of the Zhou Dynasty that described the development of the country. It mainly records the history regarding Wang Ji and Wen Wang developed their morality and accepted the mandate of heaven. A different generation of scholars do not have many different opinions, but they do have different understanding concerning the first two chapters of the poem. Someone believes the record of ”Tai Wang moved to Qishan” is also included in the poem. I believe the main reason of different sayings is that people can not capture the real meaning of second chapter's ”Tian Li Jue Pei, Shou Ming Ji Gu” precisely. Hence according to the information of ancient characters and ancient books, I try to verify and speculate the phrase ”Tian Li Jue Pei”. I believe the original words of ”Tian Li Jue Pei” should be ”Tian Wei Jue Pei”, it describes the history of Wen Wang built the altar to worship God, and held the ceremony of cooperating with the heaven and accepted the mandate of heaven. Thus the second chapter mainly describes the history of tearing down the mountain and cutting down the woods to build the altar. The general theme of the poem focuses on the mandate of heaven and cooperation with heaven. It describes the history of Wen Wang accepting the mandate of heaven, to develop his morality, protect his people, attack countries Mi and Chong, and settle down the countries around.