國小學童口腔衛生行為及其相關因素之研究

齲齒是台灣學童最普遍的慢性疾病之一，口腔衛生問題值得關切。本研究旨在探討影響學童口腔衛生行為的因素。以2002-2003年就讀於台灣各公私立國小之全體學童為母群體，依據各地區學校規模、班級數，採分層隨機抽樣，共抽出5,688名學童進行問卷調查，總計回收有效問卷4,826份，回收率為84.8%。研究結果發現：學童口腔衛生行為上表現較好的是每天起床及睡前刷牙，表現最差的是每天至少一次使用牙線清潔牙齒。女學童的口腔衛生表現較男學童為佳，年齡愈大的學童表現愈好。以複迴歸分析學童口腔衛生行為的影響因素，性別、年級、家長教育程度、學業成績、口腔衛生價值觀、父母口腔衛生行為，以及父母與同儕支持等變項能顯著預測學童的口腔衛生行為。根據研究結果提出未來研究之建議，藉以改善學童口腔衛生問題，養成良好的口腔衛生行為。

關鍵字

國小學童；口腔衛生行為；父母因素；社會支持

並列摘要

Dental caries is still one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood in Taiwan. Oral hygiene should be addressed and brought to people's attention. This study explored the influences of schoolchild's oral health performance. Five thousand six hundreds eighty eight children who were third to sixth grade students of elementary schools in the 2002-2003 academic years. Complete data were available for 4,826 schoolchildren and their parents (84.4% of total sample). The result showed that: As a whole, the individual oral behavior that the elementary students performed better were brushing teeth when get up and before sleeping, but they did not perform well using dental floss to clean the teeth at least once a day. Female students performed better than their male counterparts. Fifth and sixth grade students had better oral behavior than third and fourth grader. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the powerful predicators for oral health behaviors included gender, age, parent's education, school achievement, parent's oral health behaviors, children's oral health value, and the support from parent and classmates. These results extend previous studies and give further support to the importance of including important factors in prevention campaigns aimed at childhood as a way of improving oral health and cultivating well hygiene habit.