Taiwan martial arts: Education, development and international academic trends

This review of research on the martial arts education and development of Taiwan aims to identify challenges and strategies in the field. It is based on current international trends in martial arts research, namely, martial arts as an element of drama, dance, and art combinations; martial arts culture as an object of comparison between Eastern and Western sports cultures; and martial arts as an educational curriculum in schools. Presently, researchers examine the significance of martial arts as a subject area based on specialized articles and books. Therefore, the research methodology was based on H. M. Cooper's integrative research review, and the strategy of retrieving and filtering thematic keywords was employed to select studies from three universities' martial arts databases and include them in the pooled analysis. Although martial arts research has become a field of study both in the East and West, especially as a part of Asian studies, Chinese martial arts have become a subject of East Asian martial arts research. However, Taiwanese academics have not investigated the trends, positioning, and value of martial arts education and development, resulting in few relevant studies. The results indicate the findings of the collective discourse and quantitative evaluation of theme categories, methodology, publication years, and references in integrative literature, as well as the index strength of the source publications. Based on these findings, and the current phenomenon of international martial arts research, the conclusions stressed the significance and limitations of martial arts terminology, origins, issues, and methods, and made specific recommendations.

關鍵字

Guoshu ； martial arts research ； martial arts education ； integrative research review

並列摘要

本文旨趣在於綜合評析臺灣的武術教育與發展之研究，企圖發掘該領域具洞察力的問題與解決策略。此文獻綜述立基於當前國際武術研究趨勢，即武術作為戲劇、舞蹈與藝術組合的一個元素，武術文化作為東西運動文化的比擬對象，武術作為學校的教育課程，遂成為國際學者以專文、專書進行探究的議題，進而瞭解武術作為一學科領域的意義。因此，研究方法藉用H. M. Cooper提出的綜合文獻評述法（integrative research review），以主題式關鍵字搜尋與篩選策略，在三大學術資料庫中擇定符合標準的文獻且納入集合分析。研究結果顯示，當武術研究成為東西方研究，特別是亞洲研究的範疇時，中華武術已成為東亞武術研究的主體之一，然而臺灣學術界尚未特別關照武術教育與發展的趨勢、定位和價值，致使相關的文獻篇數相對少量。此外，研究結果亦闡明綜合文獻的主題範疇、方法論、出版年與引用的參考文獻，以及源出刊物指標性強度等面向的集合論述與計量評析後的發現。最後，文末結論根據上述發現與當前國際武術研究的現象，強調武術用語、淵源、議題與方法的重要及局限性且提出具體的建議。

並列關鍵字

國術；武術研究；武術教育；綜合文獻評述法

參考文獻

Hsu, K. P. (2006). Development of modern Chinese wushu in school physical education (1911-1937). N.T.C.U Physical Education, 1, 19-27. https://doi.org/10.29781/NTCUPE.200606.0003

Hsu, Y. M., Chuang, C. J., & Cho, M. Y. (2003). the historical experience of the national martial arts institution popularizing local sports. Physical Education Journal, 34, 211-221. https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0034.200303.2118

Kuo, H. W. (2019a). The implementation and significance of the educational policy of Chinese martial art in modern China (1928-1937). Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, 33(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.3966/102473002019033301006

Kuo, H. W. (2019b). The development of wushu education in early Republic China (1912-1927). Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, 33(3), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.6223/qcpe.201909_33(3).0005

Kuo, H.-W., & Kuo, C.-F. (2020). Towards the era of a required physical education course-On the implementation and position of martial arts education in the early Republic of China. Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, 34(4), 259-272. https://doi.org/10.6223/qcpe.202012_34(4).0005

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