國際勞工組織職業安全衛生全球新策略與行動之分析

An Analysis of the New Global Strategy and Action on Occupational Safety and Health of the International Labour Organization

許繼峰(Chi-Feng Joseph Hsu)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 19卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 171-198

https://doi.org/10.7005/JOSH.201103.0171

摘要

全球化對勞工安全與健康產生前所未有的衝擊，本研究透過檢視國勞組織過去十年發布的重要官方文件，分析該組織所發展的新策略與行動，並且與我國的政策回應對話。研究發現，國勞組織提出建立與維持國家預防性安全衛生文化以及導入國家職業安全衛生管理系統兩項互補策略，透過喚起安全衛生知覺、修正相關工具對應挑戰的適切性、提供技術協助、傳播安全衛生知識、國際合作等行動方案，試圖達成策略目標。新策略與行動中有五項顯著特徵：第一，有系統性的思考與層級性結構；第二，提升安全衛生工作環境至基本人權層次；第三，採取將職業安全衛生議題編織在其他保護議題之中的整合式途徑；第四，強調勞資政三方合作共同制定與推動政策；第五，強調與其他國際組織更密切的合作。我國為回應「提升職業安全衛生架構公約」，於2009年訂定「職業安全衛生促進方案」，轉置了國勞組織新策略與行動的重要內容，但仍有欠缺。本研究建議：該方案應明確納入建立國家預防性安全衛生文化、宣示安全衛生工作環境是基本人權、強化勞資雙方參與制定與執行政策的能力。

關鍵字

台灣職業安全衛生促進方案 ； 合宜勞動 ； 提升職業安全衛生架構公約 ； 職業安全衛生全球策略

並列摘要

Globalization has had a great impact on the safety and health of workers. By examining major official documents issued by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in the past ten years, this research analyzes its new occupational safety and health (OSH) strategies and actions under a global environment. The ILO formulated two complementary strategies: building and maintaining a national preventative safety and health culture and introducting a systems approach to OSH management. It is suggested that necessary actions should be taken, including OSH awareness raising and advocacy, revisions of relevant instruments, technical assistance, OSH knowledge development and dissemination, and international collaboration. The findings show that there are five significant features in these strategies and plans: thinging systematically and framing hierarchically, claiming the need of a safe and healthy working environment as a fundamental human right, weaving OSH into a variety of labor protection issues in an integrative form, formulating and implementing national policy in a tripartite form, and collaborating closer between and among international organizations and bodies. In response to the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, Taiwan has formulated its own program into which the ILO strategies and plans were mostly incorporated. Based on the examination of the program, this research suggests that the strategy of establishing national preventive culture should be clearly addressed, the position of safety and a healthy working environment as a human right should be taken, and the policy capability of the representative bodies of both workers and employers should be strengthened.

並列關鍵字

Decent work ； Global strategy on occupational safety and health ； Promotional framework for occupational safety and health convention ； Taiwan occupational safety and health promotion program

參考文獻

International Labour Organization(2008).Promoting safe and healthy jobs: The ILO global program on safety, health and the environment (Safe Work).World of Work.63,4.

International Labour Organization. Safety and health at work. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/global/Themes/Safety_and_ Health_at_ Work/lang--en/index.htm.

International Labour Organization(2004).Global strategy on occupational safety and health.The International Labour Conference at its 91st Session, 2003.(The International Labour Conference at its 91st Session, 2003).:

Alli, BO(2008).Executive summary, fundamental principles of occupational health and safety.Geneva:ILO.

International Labour Organization(2006).Facts on Decent Work.