- 學位論文
以社會對話制定職業安全衛生政策之比較研究—以英、德、日、韓為對象
A Comparative Study of Occupational Safety and Health Policy-Making through Social Dialogue: The United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, and South Korea
摘要
職業安全衛生議題在國際勞工組織所提出「合宜勞動」議程中的四個具體構面工作權利、合宜就業、社會保護與社會對話議程中均有涉及，且為該議程的重要的課題之一，國際勞工組織在「職業安全衛生公約」、「職業衛生安全基本原則」、「關於促進職業安全與衛生架構公約」、「職業衛生安全基本原則」及「職業安全衛生全球策略」均強調社會對話制定職業安全衛生政策的必要性。 經過文獻資料的蒐集與整理，研究發現：第一，英國的社會對話以公司層級為主，公眾諮詢的方式已成為政府決策過程的一部分，社會夥伴進行雙邊社會對話參與職業安全衛生政策；第二，德國的社會對話以部門與產業層級為主，職業安全體系採雙元制，社會夥伴參與其中，發揮社會對話的功能；第三，日本的社會對話以企業層級為主，勞資政三方組成的勞動政策審議會成了主導勞動政策的主角；第四，南韓以勞資政三方組成的經濟與社會發展委員會進行社會對話，三方最後簽訂全國性的協議。 總而言之，社會對話是公共政策制定的工具，無論是制度的需求，或者團體的均衡，或者統治菁英的偏好價值，政策過程的活動階段，旨在使職業安全衛生政策目標的達成，而要如何擷取適當的方式及會產生什麼結果，適合採取什麼樣的方式，這正是本研究所要做的事情。
並列摘要
Occupational safety and health (OSH) issues in the International Labour Organization (ILO) revealed “Decent Work” agenda proposed are all mentioned in the four aspects: rights of work, employment, social protection, and social dialogue. And it is one of the important issues in this agenda. In the“ Occupational Safety and Health Convention,” “fundamental principles of occupational health and safety,” “Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, No. 187,”and “Global strategy for occupational safety and health” ILO emphasized the importance of the social dialogue in occupational safety and health policy-making. After collecting and organizing relevant literature, this study has found: First, in the United Kingdom, where company level bargaining is the predominate form of collective bargaining, social dialogue takes place at the company level. Public consultation has been part of the policy-making process. Social partners take bilateral talks to participate in OSH policy-making. Second, in Germany social dialogue takes place at industry level, reflecting the nature of collective bargaining in that country. Occupational safety and health is a dual system .Social partners participate in it to let social dialogue take effect. Third, in Japan social dialogue is mainly formed by employer, employee, and public interest representatives, who compose the Labor Policy Council. It is the major role of making policies. Fourth, in Korea the representatives from labor, management, and government compose the Economic and Social Development Commission and engagement in the process of social dialogue. They sign national agreements in the end. Generally speaking, social dialogue is the tool of public policy-making, whether it is system demand, or balance among stakeholders, or governing elite's preferences. The policy-making processes aim to complete the goal of occupational safety and health policy. However, how to take appropriate actions and what will happen then, those are this study trying to find out.