試論日治時期來臺福州班的劇種問題

Types of Opera Performed by Fu-zhou Troupes in Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation

陸方龍(Fang-Long Lu)

《民俗曲藝》 151期 (2006/03) Pp. 145-184

https://doi.org/10.30157/JCRTF.200603.0005

摘要

本文主要討論「治時期來臺福州班的劇種問題。因清末民初「劇種」一詞尚無明確的界義，戲班演出也普遍有諸腔合演的情形。在考察歷來文獻資料後，認為早期來臺福州班雖為知名之徽班，卻當有閩滬演員同臺、京徽劇種合演的現象，故而有著「福州京班」的內涵。據此同意京劇在臺演出始於劉銘傳時期的說法，推論1880年代末臺灣應當已有京劇的演出，逐漸於1890年代形成好尚京劇的風潮，在觀眾群逐漸擴大的情形下，為日治時期的商業劇場演出奠下了基礎。爾後福州當地徽班凋零、福州戲興盛，使1923年後來臺之福州班確屬「福州戲（閩劇）班」，然而福州戲在臺灣仍有使用官音演出的蛛絲馬跡，戲班亦有演出京劇的紀錄，而福州戲的武戲均傳承自京劇，在與「京劇」的關係密切的情況下，終使「福州京班」說法被沿用下來。

關鍵字

日治時期 ； 劇種 ； 福州班 ； 臺灣京劇 ； 閩劇 ； 徽戲

並列摘要

This paper discusses mainly what jü-zhong (types of opera) the Fu-zhou Ban (troupes of Fu-zhou) performed in Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation. Not until the mid-20(superscript th) century was the term jü-zhong clearly defined, and at that time, zhu-qiang he-yan (troupes giving performances of different dramatic genres) was quite common for troupes. Based on investigation into literature and historical sources, I find that the Fu-zhou Ban which came to Taiwan in the early Japanese Occupation actually showed the traits of Fu-zhou Jing-ban, which means they performed Peking Opera because actors from Fu-zhou and Shanghai performed together, and Peking and Hui Opera were presented on the same stage. Accordingly, I propose that Peking Opera made its first appearance in Taiwan during the period when Liu Ming-chuan was the Governor, further inferring that in the late 1880s there should have been performances of Peking Opera, with a trend formed in the 1890s, which formed the basis of commercial theater later during the Japanese Occupation as the viewers gradually increased. Afterwards, troupes performing Hui-xi (Hui Opera) withered in local Fu-zhou while Fuzhou-xi (Min Opera) thrived, and so the Fu-zhou Ban coming to Taiwan after 1923 were Fu-zhou-xi troupes. However, there were still traces about Fu-zhou-xi performed in manderin then, and the troupes did have records of performing Peking Opera. Moreover, the martial performances of Fu-zhou-xi were all inherited from Peking Opera. It is with these close connections with Peking Opera that the term Fu-zhou Peking Opera Troupes is accepted and adopted.

並列關鍵字

Japanese Occupation ； jü-zhong ； Fu-zhou Ban ； Peking Opera in Taiwan ； Min Opera ； Hui Opera

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