神聖與凡俗的交錯―臺中市東、西區土地公廟的研究

The Interweaving of Sacredness and Profanity: A Case Study of the Earth God Temples in the East and West Districts of Taichung

舒奎翰(Kuei-Han Su)

《民俗曲藝》 152期 (2006/06) Pp. 85-137

https://doi.org/10.30157/JCRTF.200606.0003

摘要

本文所欲探究的有二：第一為都市中具有床頭廟性質的十地公廟存在的現況為何，第二為其存續發展受到社會環境變遷的影響何在。為了要回答以上的議題，筆者選定臺中市不論在都市地景、區位特性與人口結構都極具對比性的東區（老舊市區）與西區（新興金融、消費與文化中心）來進行比較分析。在透過田野觀察與問卷訪談的方式走訪了60位里長與32間土地公廟的負責人，並參照兩區都市計畫施行與人口結構後可發現，即便在都市地區，仍有為數眾多的十地公廟與祭祀圈存在並持續運作著，但是與傳統（農村）社會相較已有所不同。這主要有兩項因素，第一在於國家行政權，第二在於人口結構的變遷。前者造成地區民眾地域認同感的改變，也造成十地公廟在都市空間配置上的改變。後者改變區民的交流模式，進而使得十地公廟與區民的互動方式產生變化。

關鍵字

庄頭廟 ； 祭祀圈 ； 臺中市 ； 社會變遷 ； 人口流動

並列摘要

This paper proposes to investigate the conditions of the Earth God Temples that serve as neighborhood temples in the urban area today. It also looks into the social factors that affect the relationship between temples and inhabitants in a neighborhood. In order to address these issues, I have chosen two districts to make a comparative analysis. The two districts are east (old urban area) and west (new center of finance, consumption and culture) which differ distinctly in landscapes, features of area and structures of population. By field research and interviewing with sixty heads of sub-districts and thirty-two managers of Earth God Temples as well as comparing practices of city planning (都市計畫) and population structure in these two districts, we find there are still many Temples and worship zones in operation in the urban area, but the model of operation is actually different from that in tradition society. This is caused by two factors: the policy of government and the change of population. The former changes not only the inhabitants' local identity but also the distribution of the temples in the urban area. The latter changes the social mobility of the inhabitants, and hence the interaction between temples and inhabitants.

並列關鍵字

chuang-tou miao neighborhood temple ； worship zone ； Taichung ； social transition ； population movement

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